Faktori koji određuju stopu procesa isparavanja komponenata metalne kupke

This paper provides a discussion on the impact of selected factors on the rate of the process of evaporation of volatile metal bath components. The main determinants of the evaporation process are considered to be the pressure inside the metallurgical aggregate, type of the gaseous atmosphere, rate of the bath mixing as well as its composition.U referatu se raspravlja o utjecaju odabranih faktora na proces isparavanja hlapljivih komponenata metalne kupke. Glavni faktori koji određuju process isparavanja smatra se da su tlak unutar metalurškog agregata. vrsta plinovite atmosfere, stopa miješanja kupke, te njene komponente

Lead and zinc removal from alloy Zn-Ag-Pb under reduced pressure

The presented work shows the results of vacuum melting of industrial Zn-Ag-Pb alloy arising from the processing of silver-bearing foam. The tests were carried out in an induction vacuum aggregate in the temperature range 773 - 873 K and pressure 10 - 1 000 Pa. Based on the results obtained, the values of the density of the evaporating stream of zinc and lead were estimated, which were at the level from 3,95×10-4 to 9,53×10-4 gZncm-2 s-1 and from 5,39×10-5 to 30,9×10-5 gPbcm-2 s-1 . In addition, silver losses were estimated in the analysed process. The maximum degree of dezincification of the alloy achieved for the assumed temperature and pressure was 99 %

Lead and zinc removal from alloy Zn-Ag-Pb under reduced pressure

The presented work shows the results of vacuum melting of industrial Zn-Ag-Pb alloy arising from the processing of silver-bearing foam. The tests were carried out in an induction vacuum aggregate in the temperature range 773 - 873 K and pressure 10 - 1 000 Pa. Based on the results obtained, the values of the density of the evaporating stream of zinc and lead were estimated, which were at the level from 3,95×10-4 to 9,53×10-4 gZncm-2 s-1 and from 5,39×10-5 to 30,9×10-5 gPbcm-2 s-1 . In addition, silver losses were estimated in the analysed process. The maximum degree of dezincification of the alloy achieved for the assumed temperature and pressure was 99 %

Vacuum refinning cooper blister to remove antimony

A research on kinetics of antimony evaporation from molten copper blister was made in a vacuum induction melting (VIM) furnace at temperatures of 1 473 and 1 523 K, and operating pressures of 8 - 133 Pa. The evaporation rate of Sb was found to be first order with respect to your content in the melt. The overall mass transfer coefficient of antimony evaporation from cooper blister are from 1,82×10-5 ms-1 to 3,43×10-5 ms-1 at 1 473 K (8 Pa) - 1 523 K (133 Pa)

Kinetika odstranjivanja olova iz Cu-Pb-Fe legure pročišćavanjem inertnim plinom

Discussion of the kinetics of lead removal from the Cu-Pb-Fe alloy by barbotage with argon and helium. The values of the mass penetration coefficient for the liquid and solid phase as well as the mass transfer coefficient were calculated for the temperatures of 1 473 K and 1 548 K, and for the gas flow rate of 5,55 • 10-6, 6,94 • 10-6, 8,33 • 10-6 and 9,72 • 10-6 m • s-1.Diskusija o kinetic odstranjivanja olova iz Cu-Pb-Fe legure pročišćavanjem argonom i helijem. Vrijednosti koeficijenta masene penetracije za tekuću i krutu fazu kao i za koeficijent masenog prijenosa su izračunati za temperature 1473 K i 1548 K, te za protok plina 5,55 • 10-6, 6,94 • 10-6, 8,33 • 10-6 and 9,72 • 10-6 m • s-1

The effects of mass transferin the liquid phase on the rate of aluminium evaporation from the Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy

In the present paper, the rate of aluminium evaporation from the Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy during smelting with the use of VIM method at 5 to 1 000 Pa and 1 973 to 2 023 K has been discussed. It has been observed that pressure reduction and temperature rise affect aluminium elimination from the alloy. Based on the determined values of overall mass transfer coefficients and mass transfer coefficients in the liquid phase, it has been found that the resistance related to aluminium mass transfer in the liquid phase is about 8 % of the overall process resistance

Thermo-ecological cost (TEC) evaluation of metallurgical processes

Metallurgy represents a complex production system of fuel and mineral non-renewable resources transformation. The effectiveness of resource management in metallurgical chains depends on the applied ore grade and on the irreversibility of components of the system. TEC can be applied to measure the influence of metallurgy on the depletion of natural resources. The paper discusses the possibility of application of TEC in metallurgy and presents illustrative example concerning blast-furnace process

Utjecaj parametara indukcijske elektro peći na brzinu masenog prijenosa u tekućoj fazi

This article is an analysis of the results obtained under the tests aimed at determination of the influence exerted by the current frequency of an induction furnace on the mass transfer coefficient for liquid metallic phase.U radu su analizirani rezultati dobiveni testiranjem provedenim s ciljem utvrditi utjecaj frekvencije industrijske peći na maseni koeficijent prijenosa u tekućoj metalnoj fazi

Research on the reduction of cooper slag using an alternative coal range

Blister copper smelting in a flash furnace results in the generation of slag with a Cu content greater than 15 percent. In the process of reduction in an electric furnace, coke or coke breeze is used as a carbon-bearing material. The presented work shows the results of studies on the reduction of the slag with a carbon flotoconcentrate as a substitute for coke breeze. The microstructure, chemical composition and phase composition of slag samples were analyzed. Based on the results of chemical composition of the Cu-Pb-Fe alloy and the post-reduction slag, it was shown that carbon flotoconcentrate might be considered as an alternative for currently used reducers

Behaviour of iron during reduction of slag obtained from copper flash smelting

In a technological process of copper production in the flash smelting furnace, slags with high metal contents, such as copper, lead and iron, are generated. These slags differ in their chemical compositions from slags obtained in processes of copper concentrate flash smelting or bath smelting. With the technology used at KGHM, the slag discussed in the article is processed during smelting reduction that is carried out in the electric furnace. As a result, a Cu-Pb-Fe alloy is obtained and subjected to the converting process along with waste slag which contains ca. 0,5 % mass Cu. The article presents an analysis of results of the research on behaviour of iron in the course of slag reduction where diverse fine-grained carbon-bearing materials function as reducers