Adapting information operations to a changing world: Future options for the United States government

In 1998, the Department of Defense in the United States released the first of a series of seminal policies on Information Operations (IO). Entitled Joint Publication 3-13, this instruction laid out for the first time, in an unclassified format, how the American military forces could utilise this particular element of power. As a relative newly defined activity, this publication proposed to revolutionise the manner in which warfare, diplomacy, business and a number of other areas are conducted. However, this radical transformation in the United States government with regard to IQ has not occurred over the last decade and a significant gap exists in the capability of the federal bureaucracy to support operations in this arena. While strategic policy and doctrine have been developed and promulgated, in most cases only by the Department of Defense, the actual conduct of IO activities and campaigns across the United States, are normally performed at a much more tactical level. This delta between theory and reality exists because the interagency organisations are often unwilling or unable to make the transformational changes that are needed to best utilise information as an element of power. In this research, the author has developed definitions and models that articulate not only why this delta exists, but also specific strategies for utilising IO in a manner by the United States federal organisations that best optimises the inherent capabilities of this element of power. Specific recommendations are noted below, and will be laid out in greater detail throughout the paper : Develop an Academic Theoretical Construct for IO; Understand that Different Approaches and Processes are Needed to Support IO; Establish an International IO Standards Effort & Meeting the IO Training Needs

James L. Goodloe to Mrs. V. G. Armistead (26 June 1913)

Concerns affection for Jeremiah and references the article written by Holthttps://egrove.olemiss.edu/ciwar_corresp/1481/thumbnail.jp

James L. Goodloe to Mrs. V. G. Armistead (15 March 1911)

Concerns affection for Jeremiah and his other departed friendshttps://egrove.olemiss.edu/ciwar_corresp/1479/thumbnail.jp

James L. Goodloe to Mrs. V. G. Armistead (2 July 1913)

Thanks Mrs. Armistead for the photograph of Jeremiah and discusses attempts to publish an article on Gage in the Commercial Appealhttps://egrove.olemiss.edu/ciwar_corresp/1482/thumbnail.jp

Disclosure of Maternal HIV Status to Children: To Tell or Not To Tell . . . That Is the Question

HIV-infected mothers face the challenging decision of whether to disclose their serostatus to their children. From the perspective of both mother and child, we explored the process of disclosure, providing descriptive information and examining the relationships among disclosure, demographic variables, and child adjustment. Participants were 23 mothers and one of their noninfected children (9 to 16 years of age). Sixty-one percent of mothers disclosed. Consistent with previous research, disclosure was not related to child functioning. However, children sworn to secrecy demonstrated lower social competence and more externalizing problems. Differential disclosure, which occurred in one-third of the families, was associated with higher levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Finally, knowing more than mothers had themselves disclosed was related to child maladjustment across multiple domains. Clinical implications and the need for future research are considered

Carbon Free Boston: Technical Summary

Part of a series of reports that includes: Carbon Free Boston: Summary Report; Carbon Free Boston: Social Equity Report; Carbon Free Boston: Buildings Technical Report; Carbon Free Boston: Transportation Technical Report; Carbon Free Boston: Waste Technical Report; Carbon Free Boston: Energy Technical Report; Carbon Free Boston: Offsets Technical Report; Available at http://sites.bu.edu/cfb/OVERVIEW: This technical summary is intended to argument the rest of the Carbon Free Boston technical reports that seek to achieve this goal of deep mitigation. This document provides below: a rationale for carbon neutrality, a high level description of Carbon Free Boston’s analytical approach; a summary of crosssector strategies; a high level analysis of air quality impacts; and, a brief analysis of off-road and street light emissions.Published versio

Rodrigo and Calixto: A New Version of <i>Las quejas de Jimena</i>

Not available

Duplication, concerted evolution and purifying selection drive the evolution of mosquito vitellogenin genes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Mosquito vitellogenin (<it>Vtg</it>) genes belong to a small multiple gene family that encodes the major yolk protein precursors required for egg production. Multiple <it>Vtg </it>genes have been cloned and characterized from several mosquito species, but their origin and molecular evolution are poorly understood.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here we used <it>in silico </it>and molecular cloning techniques to identify and characterize the evolution of the <it>Vtg </it>gene family from the genera <it>Culex</it>, <it>Aedes/Ochlerotatus</it>, and <it>Anopheles</it>. We identified the probable ancestral <it>Vtg </it>gene among different mosquito species by its conserved association with a novel gene approximately one kilobase upstream of the start codon. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the <it>Vtg </it>gene family arose by duplication events, but that the pattern of duplication was different in each mosquito genera. Signatures of purifying selection were detected in <it>Culex</it>, <it>Aedes </it>and <it>Anopheles</it>. Gene conversion is a major driver of concerted evolution in <it>Culex</it>, while unequal crossover is likely the major driver of concerted evolution in <it>Anopheles</it>. In <it>Aedes</it>, smaller fragments have undergone gene conversion events.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The study shows concerted evolution and purifying selection shaped the evolution of mosquito <it>Vtg </it>genes following gene duplication. Additionally, similar evolutionary patterns were observed in the <it>Vtg </it>genes from other invertebrate and vertebrate organisms, suggesting that duplication, concerted evolution and purifying selection may be the major evolutionary forces driving <it>Vtg </it>gene evolution across highly divergent taxa.</p

Identification and isolation of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes with an automated microraft sorting system

The simultaneous measurement of T cell function with recovery of individual T cells would greatly facilitate characterizing antigen-specific responses both in vivo and in model systems

Optimization of Peptide Separations by Differential Ion Mobility Spectrometry

Differential ion mobility spectrometry (DIMS) has the ability to separate gas phase ions based on their difference in ion mobility in low and high electric fields. DIMS can be used to separate mixtures of isobaric and isomeric species indistinguishable by mass spectrometry (MS). DIMS can also be used as a filter to improve the signal-to-background of analytes in complex samples. The resolving power of DIMS separations can be improved several ways, including increasing the dispersion field and increasing the amount of helium in the nitrogen carrier gas. It has been previously demonstrated that the addition of helium to the DIMS carrier gas provides improves separations when the dispersion field is the kept constant as helium content is varied. However, helium has a lower breakdown voltage than nitrogen. Therefore, as the percent helium content in the nitrogen carrier gas is increased, the highest dispersion field accessible decreases. This work presents the trade-offs between increasing dispersion fields and using helium in the carrier gas by comparing the separation of a mixture of isobaric peptides. The maximum resolution for a separation of a mixture of three peptides with the same nominal molar mass was achieved by using a high dispersion field (~72 kV/cm) with pure nitrogen as the carrier gas within the DIMS assembly. The conditions used to achieve the maximum resolution also exhibit the lowest ion transmission through the assembly, suggesting that it is necessary to consider the trade-off between sensitivity and resolution when optimizing DIMS conditions for a given application