Pemodelan dan Perancangan Sistem Interkoneksi Distributed Generation ( DG ) dalam Perbaikan Drop Tegangan pada Jaringan Distribusi 20 kV PT PLN (Persero) ULP Tanah Jawa

Distributed generation (DG) is a power plant whose location does not care about the distribution of electricity suppliers. The application of DG has increased in the development of new and renewable energy. Using renewable energy is one way to support the Indonesian government's program to use renewable energy by 23% in 2025. This study focuses on a 20 kV distribution system that experiences a voltage drop, so modelling is carried out to analyze the effects of DG injection in the form of a micro hydro-power plant. The modelling and simulation were carried out using ETAP software and a few data from PT PLN ULP Tanah Jawa. The simulation is carried out by making loading conditions at the pass-time of peak load and peak load time. Distribution system conditions are simulated without DG interconnection, existing DG interconnection and new DG interconnection. The results show that the voltage drop value without DG was 26% when pass-time of peak load and 37% when peak load time, which means the voltage drop value did not meet the IEC/IEEE standard of ± 5%. When simulating the interconnection with the existing DG, the voltage dropped 24% at the pass-time of peak load and 35% at the peak load time. The simulation of interconnection with the planning of new DG capacity of 2 x 4.5 MW could produce voltage drop of 1% at the pass-time of peak load and 12% at the peak load time. However, it also resulting highest losses of 6563.40 kW and 9724.0 kVAR at the peak load time. The planning of new DG looks good to improve the supply voltage quality. However, it also causes losses to the electricity suppliers.162 HalamanTesis Magiste

Impact of small hydro generation on voltage profile and losses in 20 kV distribution network

Abstract Planning in the development of electricity availability focuses on Renewable Energy power plants in support of the Government’s strong determination to suppress fossil-based energy and increase in New Renewable Energy whose mix is targeted to reach 23% in 2025. Distributed generation (DG) is one of the new approach in the installation of power plants which the plant location is no longer centralized, but it was spread on the distribution of electricity networks. Nowadays, the application of distributed generation has increased because it is a renewable energy especially small hydro of distributed power plants can affect the conditions of the distribution network. Therefore, it is necessary to know the impact of the installation of distributed power plants. This study was conducted to analyze the effects of DG connected to network at two conditions First, the distributed generation connect when under load condition in network and second, distributed generation connect when peak load condition in network. Simulation in this study was conducted using the ETAP software and The Newton-Raphson method has been used in order to calculate power losses and voltages across the network with real data of rural distribution network in Tanah Jawa, North Sumatera, Indonesia. The 20kV distribution network was used in this feeder, and it was divided into one main feeder. The results of this study are expected to provide information about the impact of the DG on voltage and power losses in distribution network. The results of the study show that the installation of DG enhances the voltage profile and ready for installation Small Hydro as DG.</jats:p

Characterization of BaFe12O19/Co3O4 using mechanical alloying approach for microwave absorbing materials

In this research, the BaFe12O19/Co3O4 material was carried out using the mechanical alloying approach with variations in Co3O4 composition of (10, 15, 20) wt%. The characterizations were using XRD, SEM-EDX, and VNA. The results of XRD analysis show that increasing crystal diameter increases Co3O4 compositions. SEM analysis results show that BaFe12O19 particles tend to form larger with the addition of Co3O4 particles, causing agglomeration. EDX shows that the percentage of Co3O4 increases, and the number of Fe atoms decreases while the number of Co atoms increases, indicating that Co ions replace Fe ions. The results of VNA analysis showed that the addition of 10 % Co3O4 composition had optimum absorption compared to other samples with a reflection loss of −22.7dB at a frequency of 10.88 GHz with an absorption percentage of 99.46 %