22 research outputs found
Injection Drug Use Is a Risk Factor for HCV Infection in Urban Egypt
OBJECTIVE: To identify current risk factors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission in Greater Cairo. DESIGN AND SETTING: A 1:1 matched case-control study was conducted comparing incident acute symptomatic hepatitis C patients in two "fever" hospitals of Greater Cairo with two control groups: household members of the cases and acute hepatitis A patients diagnosed at the same hospitals. Controls were matched on the same age and sex to cases and were all anti-HCV antibody negative. Iatrogenic, community and household exposures to HCV in the one to six months before symptoms onset for cases, and date of interview for controls, were exhaustively assessed. RESULTS: From 2002 to 2007, 94 definite acute symptomatic HCV cases and 188 controls were enrolled in the study. In multivariate analysis, intravenous injections (OR = 5.0; 95% CI = 1.2-20.2), medical stitches (OR = 4.2; 95% CI = 1.6-11.3), injection drug use (IDU) (OR = 7.9; 95% CI = 1.4-43.5), recent marriage (OR = 3.3; 95% CI = 1.1-9.9) and illiteracy (OR = 3.9; 95% CI = 1.8-8.5) were independently associated with an increased HCV risk. CONCLUSION: In urban Cairo, invasive health care procedures remain a source of HCV transmission and IDU is an emerging risk factor. Strict application of standard precautions during health care is a priority. Implementation of comprehensive infection prevention programs for IDU should be considered
Abstracts of presentations on plant protection issues at the fifth international Mango Symposium Abstracts of presentations on plant protection issues at the Xth international congress of Virology: September 1-6, 1996 Dan Panorama Hotel, Tel Aviv, Israel August 11-16, 1996 Binyanei haoma, Jerusalem, Israel
Effect of optical-phonon scattering on the energy distribution of hot electrons in semiconductors at low temperature
Stoichiometric ratio and doping effects on the thermal properties of sodium potassium sulphate crystals
Law, religion, and theology: a relationship that matters
This chapter examines why the relationship between law, religion, and theology matters. It contains four sections. The first explores why, in addition to sociology, we ought to be concerned to study the relationship between law and religion. If it is important, the second section suggests how we can go about studying this relationship. For that, we must make a distinction between âreligionâ and âtheologyâ. From that distinction, the third section suggests two methodological approaches for use in such study. And, finally, the chapter concludes with some brief reflections on the relationship between religion, theology, and law.Paul Babi
Do preâexisting microcracks play a role in the fracture resistance of roots in a laboratory setting?
Aim
To investigate a potential causeâeffect relationship between dentinal microcracks and fracture resistance of mandibular incisors that had not been endodontically treated.
Methodology
Sixty mandibular incisors with circularâshaped canals were selected based on microâcomputed tomographic scans to create a homogeneous sample. The crossâsectional images of the specimens were screened to identify and quantify the presence of dentinal microcracks. Then, teeth were embedded in polystyrene resin and subjected to axial compressive loading using a universal testing machine. After fracture, the roots were reâscanned and fractography analysis was performed by inspection of 3D models to verify crack propagation. Spearmanâs rank correlation was used to assess the correlation between the number of microcracks and force required to fracture.
Results
Dentinal microcracks were detected in 79% of the specimens (n = 44). The incidence of microcracks varied between teeth from 6% to 42% of the total slices per sample (average of 14 ± 17%). The number of microcracks per sample varied from 0 to 1605, with an average of 412 ± 484 (median = 221 and IQR 25% = 15/75% = 658). The load at failure values varied from 227 to 924 N, with an average of 560.3 ± 168.1 N (median = 561 and IQR 25% = 458/75% = 694). The Spearman correlation coefficient (rho) equalled 0.065.
Conclusions
There was no causeâeffect relationship between the number of dentinal microcracks and the fracture resistance of nonendodontically treated mandibular incisors. The presence and quantity of microcracks did not make these roots more prone to fracture