220 research outputs found
A web application prototype for the multiscale modelling of seismic input
A web application prototype is described, aimed at the generation of
synthetic seismograms for user-defined earthquake models. The web application
graphical user interface hides the complexity of the underlying computational
engine, which is the outcome of the continuous evolution of sophisticated
computer codes, some of which saw the light back in the middle '80s. With the
web application, even the non-experts can produce ground shaking scenarios at
the local or regional scale in very short times, depending on the complexity of
the adopted source and medium models, without the need of a deep knowledge of
the physics of the earthquake phenomenon. Actually, it may even allow neophytes
to get some basic education in the field of seismology and seismic engineering,
due to the simplified intuitive experimental approach to the matter. One of the
most powerful features made available to the users is indeed the capability of
executing quick parametric tests in near real-time, to explore the relations
between each model's parameter and the resulting ground motion scenario. The
synthetic seismograms generated through the web application can be used by
civil engineers for the design of new seismo-resistant structures, or to
analyse the performance of the existing ones under seismic load.Comment: 23 pages, 13 figure
Perissodactyl diversities and responses to climate changes as reflected by dental homogeneity during the Cenozoic in Asia
Efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate renal impairment (PIONEER 5): a placebo-controlled, randomised, phase 3a trial
Background: Oral semaglutide is the first oral glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist for glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is commonly associated with renal impairment, restricting treatment options. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate renal impairment. Methods: This randomised, double-blind, phase 3a trial was undertaken at 88 sites in eight countries. Patients aged 18 years and older, with type 2 diabetes, an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 30–59 mL/min per 1·73 m2, and who had been receiving a stable dose of metformin or sulfonylurea, or both, or basal insulin with or without metformin for the past 90 days were eligible. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) by use of an interactive web-response system, with stratification by glucose-lowering medication and renal function, to receive oral semaglutide (dose escalated to 14 mg once daily) or matching placebo for 26 weeks, in addition to background medication. Participants and site staff were masked to assignment. Two efficacy-related estimands were defined: treatment policy (regardless of treatment discontinuation or rescue medication) and trial product (on treatment without rescue medication) in all participants randomly assigned. Endpoints were change from baseline to week 26 in HbA1c (primary endpoint) and bodyweight (confirmatory secondary endpoint), assessed in all participants with sufficient data. Safety was assessed in all participants who received at least one dose of study drug. This trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02827708, and the European Clinical Trials Registry, number EudraCT 2015-005326-19, and is now complete. Findings: Between Sept 20, 2016, and Sept 29, 2017, of 721 patients screened, 324 were eligible and randomly assigned to oral semaglutide (n=163) or placebo (n=161). Mean age at baseline was 70 years (SD 8), and 168 (52%) of participants were female. 133 (82%) participants in the oral semaglutide group and 141 (88%) in the placebo group completed 26 weeks on treatment. At 26 weeks, oral semaglutide was superior to placebo in decreasing HbA1c (estimated mean change of −1·0 percentage point (SE 0·1; −11 mmol/mol [SE 0·8]) vs −0·2 percentage points (SE 0·1; −2 mmol/mol [SE 0·8]); estimated treatment difference [ETD]: −0·8 percentage points, 95% CI −1·0 to −0·6;
Reaction of cyanohydrins with polyenic and enynic aldehydes in the presence of triethylamine
Synthesis of 1-vinyl- and 1, 2 -divinylcyclopropanes, containing functional groups in the side chain and in the ring
Theoretical study of the addition of acetals to vinyl ethers in the presence of acid catalysts
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