178 research outputs found
INTRATUMORAL AMPLIFICATION HETEROGENEITY IN HER2/neu-POSITIVE BREAST CANCER MOLECULAR-GENETIC SUBTYPES
The defining feature of HER2/neu-positive Luminal B and HER2/neu-positive (non-luminal) subtype breast cancerΒ is HER2/neu gene amplification and protein overexpression on cancer cell membrane. The HER2-targeted therapy isΒ nowadays available for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer However, a significant fraction of HER2+ tumorsΒ acquire or possess intrinsic mechanisms of resistance, based on multiple factors, and genetic heterogeneity among them.Β The aim of our study was to quantify the heterogeneity of HER2/neu amplification in HER2/neu-positive Luminal BΒ and HER2/neu-positive (non-luminal) subtypes of breast cancer. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis ofΒ 210 cases referred for dual probe fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) confirmation of an immunohistochemicalΒ equivocal 2+ result was performed. Results. Our results demonstrated a heterogeneous amplification pattern of HER2/neu gene, whose expression is a substantial cause of HER2/neu-positive Luminal B and HER2/neu-positive (non-luminal)Β subtypes of breast cancer, in 31 % of invasive breast cancer cases. As heterogeneous, we interpreted tumors containingΒ cells with HER2/CEP17 ratio < 2 and gene copies 4 β€ HER2/neu < 6, that is, those without HER2/neu amplification.Β The amount of heterogeneous tumors between HER2/neu-positive Luminal B and HER2/neu-positive (non-luminal)Β subtypes was not statistically significant. ROC analyses identified optimal cutoff point for HER2/CEP17 ratio as 2.6Β for distinguishing heterogeneous tumors. Conclusion. The heterogeneity of HER2/neu amplification is determined byΒ FISH in 31 % of cases and is independent of molecular breast cancer subtype. If a HER2/neu-positive breast cancerΒ has HER2/CEP17 ratio β€ 2,6, it contains minor subclones without HER2/neu amplification with a probability of 95 %.Β Our results demonstrated that HER2/neu amplification heterogeneity may be important for prognosis of survival andΒ treatment decisions
Achievements and prospects of cellular technologies based on the activated lymphocytes in the treatment of malignant tumors
This article reviews the immune system and its role in the relationship between the tumor and the body of a patient with tumor diseases. It is about controlling homeostasis by recognizing and eliminating genetically alien substances (antigens). Antitumor treatment is now not only considered as an βinstrumentβ for eliminating and destroying tumor cells, but also its ability to change/restore impaired functions of the immune system attracts attention. The used antitumor treatment is widely known to be immunosuppressive, stress and radiation effects also cause and/or enhance immunosuppression. In this work, the authors provide literature data demonstrating current status and problems of cellular immunotherapy of malignant tumors with the use of activated lymphocytes, and the role of antigen-specific T-lymphocytes as one of its most important agents is reviewed. Currently, among the immunotherapeutic methods, a special place is occupied by approaches involving the use of autologous or allogenic ex vivo stimulated immunocompetent cells (adoptive immunotherapy). The importance of complex influence on various links (T-, B-, NK-cell) and stages (presentation, recognition, proliferation, differentiation, migration, activation, effector functions) of the immune response is considered. The emergence of targeted drugs based on antibodies, as well as vaccines, especially dendritic cells, has provoked the emergence of a new wave of interest in the formation of specific antitumoral immune response mediated by T lymphocytes, so the introduction of the latter can be classified as a kind of targeted therapy. The value of antigen-specific T-lymphocytes in the formation of antitumor immunity is shown, which emphasizes the importance not only of CD8+, but also of CD4+ T-lymphocytes. In addition, there are suggestions of the possible significance of both T- and B-cells for developing a strategy of cellular immunotherapy. The literature data suggest that not only cytotoxic lymphocytes, but also T-helpers and even B-lymphocytes can be effective as antigen-specific lymphocytes as a component of antitumor treatment. The authors consider the possibility of obtaining antigen-specific T cells, as well as their further storage. The possibility of elimination or selective inhibition of regulatory T-cells during adoptive immunotherapy aimed at removing the suppressor effect on cytotoxic lymphocytes is studied. Various strategies for the use of cell therapy are also discussed
ΠΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·ΡΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ·ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ³Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ
In accordance with the requirements of the International Council on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) each monograph for a drug must include the test for related impurities. Impurities in a medicinal product may appear as initial, intermediate or side products of the synthesis and during storage.Aim. To obtain the impurity of the pregabalin substance β a high-purity isopropyl ester of mandelic acid in order to provide the domestic pharmaceutical market with the pharmacopoeial reference sample of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine (RS SPhU) in the framework of the program for import substitution of reference samples.Materials and methods. To obtain RS SPhU of the mandelic acid isopropyl ester the traditional methods of organic synthesis, X-ray diffraction analysis,Β 1H and 13CΒ NMR-spectroscopy, absorption spectrophotometry in the infrared region, thermogravimetry, the capillary method for determining the melting point, thin-layer and liquid chromatography were used, determination of water was performed by K. Fischer titration.Results and discussion. The simple method for the synthesis of 1-methylethyl-(2RS)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate with mandelic acid and 2-propanol in the presence of catalytic amounts of inorganic acids, as well as its subsequent purification with a final yield of over 90 % have been proposed.Conclusions. As a result of the study isopropyl ester of mandelic acid has been synthesized, and the effective method of its purification providing a high degree of purity of the target compound has been selected. By its characteristics the substance obtained fully complies with the requirements of the LGC international certificate as a RS and can be used for the qualitative and quantitative determination of a related impurity in the pregabalin substance.Β Π ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌ (ICH) Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π² Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π°, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Ρ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ β ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π³Π°Π±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° β ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΈ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Ρ (Π€Π‘Π ΠΠ€Π£) Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² (Π‘Π).ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π€Π‘Π ΠΠ€Π£ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π°, ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·, 1Π ΠΈ 13Π‘ Π―ΠΠ -ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ, Π°Π±ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΡ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ Π. Π€ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π² ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° 1-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»-(2RS)-2-Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈ-2-ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ 2-ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»Π° Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 90 %.ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°. ΠΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΠΌ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ LGC ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊ Π€Π‘Π ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π³Π°Π±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ½Π°.ΠΡΠ΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΡΠΆΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ Π· ΡΠ·Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ Π΄ΠΎ Π»ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ² (ICH) Π΄ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π»ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ± Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π° Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΏΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠΎΠΌΡΡΠΊΠΈ Ρ Π»ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡΡΡ Π·βΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΊ Π²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠΆΠ½Ρ ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Ρ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π·Π±Π΅ΡΡΠ³Π°Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈ β ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠΊΡ ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π³Π°Π±Π°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ β ΡΠ·ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ³Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ·Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π·ΡΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ (Π€Π‘Π ΠΠ€Π£) Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΌΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·ΡΠ°Π·ΠΊΡΠ² (Π‘Π). ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π€Π‘Π ΠΠ€Π£ ΡΠ·ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ³Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΉΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Ρ, ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·, 1Π ΡΠ° 13Π‘ Π―ΠΠ -ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡ, Π°Π±ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΡΠΉΠ½Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ, ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ, Π° Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π·Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π. Π€ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ° ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Ρ 1-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»-(2RS)-2-Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈ-2-ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π· ΠΌΠΈΠ³Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ Ρ 2-ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π· ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ½Π°Π΄ 90 %. ΠΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. Π£ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ·ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ³Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ, ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΏΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ° ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π°Ρ Π²ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΠΌ, ΡΠΎ Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π½Π΅Ρ ΠΌΡΠΆΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ LGC ΡΠΊ Π΄ΠΎ Π€Π‘Π, ΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π³Π°Π±Π°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ.
Intermolecular interactions of decamethoxinum and acetylsalicylic acid in systems of various complexity levels
Intermolecular interactions between decamethoxinum (DEC) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASΠ) have been studied in the phospholipid-containing systems of escalating complexity levels. The host media for these substances were solvents, L-Ξ±-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) membranes, and samples of human erythrocytes. Peculiar effects caused by DEC-ASΠ interaction have been observed in each system using appropriate techniques: (a) DEC-ASΠ non-covalent complexes formation in DPPC-containing systems were revealed by mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization; (b) joint DEC-ASΠ action on DPPC model membranes led to increasing of membrane melting temperature Tm, whereas individual drugs caused pronounced Tm decreasing, which was demonstrated by differential scanning calorimetry; (c) deceleration of DEC-induced haemolysis of erythrocytes under joint DEC-ASΠ application was observed by optical microscopy
AN OPTION OF HIGH CHARGE OPERATION FOR THE EUROPEAN XFEL
Abstract The 1.3 GHz superconducting accelerator developed in the framework of TESLA and the European XFEL project holds the potential to accelerate high charge electron beams. This feature has been successfully demonstrated during the first run of the free electron laser at the TESLA Test Facility with lasing driven by electron bunches with a charge of up to 4 nC. Currently DESY and the European XFEL GmbH perform revision of the baseline parameters for the electron beam. In this report we discuss a potential option of operation of the European XFEL driven by high charge (1 nC to 3 nC) electron beams. We present the results of the production and characterization of high charge electron bunches. Experiments have been performed at PITZ and demonstrated good properties of the electron beam in terms of emittance. Simulations of the radiation properties of SASE FELs show that application of high charge electron beams will open up the possibility to generate radiation pulse energies up to the few hundred milli-Joule level
Comparative DNA Cytometry of Primary and Recurrent Soft Tissue Sarcomas
The goal of comparative investigation was to reveal the distinctive features of the DNA content and cell distribution in the phases of the cell cycle of recurrent STS. DNA cytometry in the tumor tissue of 30 primary soft tissue sarcomas (t2a-2bn0M0) and 30 STS recurrences (t2-3n0M1) was carried out using the method of flow cytofluorometry. the tumor ploidy and cell distribution in the cell cycle phases were analyzed. Results. A number of differences in the DNA cytometric parameters of primary and recurrent STS have been revealed, they include: an increase in the proportion of aneuploid tumors in case of recurrence, the number of tumors with DNA index within the mitotic cycle, an increase in the proportion of cells in G2+M- phase of diploid and aneuploidy tumors and a decrease in S- phase of aneuploid ones. It has been shown that with a G2 differentiation degree, the proportion of cells in G2+M, S- and IP of recurrent STS is significantly lower than the primary parameters. An increase in the proportion of cells in G2+M- phase and a decrease in the rate of proliferation of recurrent STS, depending on the stage, are shown only in case of stage III. Conclusion. The revealed features of DNA content and cell cycle of tumor cells of soft tissue sarcomas will allow to approach to understanding of biological bases of recurrence of this malignant disease.Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π°ΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π‘ΠΠ’. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΠΠ-ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ 30 ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ (T2a-2bN0M0) ΠΈ 30 β ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² Π‘ΠΠ’ (t2-3n0M1). Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π°ΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°. ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ ΡΡΠ΄ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΠ-ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π‘ΠΠ’, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ: Π² ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ
, ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Ρ ΠΠΠΠ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ
ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°, ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π² G2+M- ΡΠ°Π·Π΅ Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² S-ΡΠ°Π·Π΅ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ G2 Π΄ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π°Ρ
G2+M, S- ΠΈ ΠΠ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π‘ΠΠ’ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
. Π£Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π² G2+M-ΡΠ°Π·Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π‘ΠΠ’ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ III ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
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