178 research outputs found

    INTRATUMORAL AMPLIFICATION HETEROGENEITY IN HER2/neu-POSITIVE BREAST CANCER MOLECULAR-GENETIC SUBTYPES

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    The defining feature of HER2/neu-positive Luminal B and HER2/neu-positive (non-luminal) subtype breast cancerΒ is HER2/neu gene amplification and protein overexpression on cancer cell membrane. The HER2-targeted therapy isΒ nowadays available for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer However, a significant fraction of HER2+ tumorsΒ acquire or possess intrinsic mechanisms of resistance, based on multiple factors, and genetic heterogeneity among them.Β The aim of our study was to quantify the heterogeneity of HER2/neu amplification in HER2/neu-positive Luminal BΒ and HER2/neu-positive (non-luminal) subtypes of breast cancer. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis ofΒ 210 cases referred for dual probe fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) confirmation of an immunohistochemicalΒ equivocal 2+ result was performed. Results. Our results demonstrated a heterogeneous amplification pattern of HER2/neu gene, whose expression is a substantial cause of HER2/neu-positive Luminal B and HER2/neu-positive (non-luminal)Β subtypes of breast cancer, in 31 % of invasive breast cancer cases. As heterogeneous, we interpreted tumors containingΒ cells with HER2/CEP17 ratio < 2 and gene copies 4 ≀ HER2/neu < 6, that is, those without HER2/neu amplification.Β The amount of heterogeneous tumors between HER2/neu-positive Luminal B and HER2/neu-positive (non-luminal)Β subtypes was not statistically significant. ROC analyses identified optimal cutoff point for HER2/CEP17 ratio as 2.6Β for distinguishing heterogeneous tumors. Conclusion. The heterogeneity of HER2/neu amplification is determined byΒ FISH in 31 % of cases and is independent of molecular breast cancer subtype. If a HER2/neu-positive breast cancerΒ has HER2/CEP17 ratio ≀ 2,6, it contains minor subclones without HER2/neu amplification with a probability of 95 %.Β Our results demonstrated that HER2/neu amplification heterogeneity may be important for prognosis of survival andΒ treatment decisions

    Achievements and prospects of cellular technologies based on the activated lymphocytes in the treatment of malignant tumors

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    This article reviews the immune system and its role in the relationship between the tumor and the body of a patient with tumor diseases. It is about controlling homeostasis by recognizing and eliminating genetically alien substances (antigens). Antitumor treatment is now not only considered as an β€œinstrument” for eliminating and destroying tumor cells, but also its ability to change/restore impaired functions of the immune system attracts attention. The used antitumor treatment is widely known to be immunosuppressive, stress and radiation effects also cause and/or enhance immunosuppression. In this work, the authors provide literature data demonstrating current status and problems of cellular immunotherapy of malignant tumors with the use of activated lymphocytes, and the role of antigen-specific T-lymphocytes as one of its most important agents is reviewed. Currently, among the immunotherapeutic methods, a special place is occupied by approaches involving the use of autologous or allogenic ex vivo stimulated immunocompetent cells (adoptive immunotherapy). The importance of complex influence on various links (T-, B-, NK-cell) and stages (presentation, recognition, proliferation, differentiation, migration, activation, effector functions) of the immune response is considered. The emergence of targeted drugs based on antibodies, as well as vaccines, especially dendritic cells, has provoked the emergence of a new wave of interest in the formation of specific antitumoral immune response mediated by T lymphocytes, so the introduction of the latter can be classified as a kind of targeted therapy. The value of antigen-specific T-lymphocytes in the formation of antitumor immunity is shown, which emphasizes the importance not only of CD8+, but also of CD4+ T-lymphocytes. In addition, there are suggestions of the possible significance of both T- and B-cells for developing a strategy of cellular immunotherapy. The literature data suggest that not only cytotoxic lymphocytes, but also T-helpers and even B-lymphocytes can be effective as antigen-specific lymphocytes as a component of antitumor treatment. The authors consider the possibility of obtaining antigen-specific T cells, as well as their further storage. The possibility of elimination or selective inhibition of regulatory T-cells during adoptive immunotherapy aimed at removing the suppressor effect on cytotoxic lymphocytes is studied. Various strategies for the use of cell therapy are also discussed

    ΠžΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Ρ„Π°Ρ€ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ стандартного Π·Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΊΠ° Ρ–Π·ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΡ–Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ СстСру ΠΌΠΈΠ³Π΄Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡ— кислоти

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    In accordance with the requirements of the International Council on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) each monograph for a drug must include the test for related impurities. Impurities in a medicinal product may appear as initial, intermediate or side products of the synthesis and during storage.Aim. To obtain the impurity of the pregabalin substance – a high-purity isopropyl ester of mandelic acid in order to provide the domestic pharmaceutical market with the pharmacopoeial reference sample of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine (RS SPhU) in the framework of the program for import substitution of reference samples.Materials and methods. To obtain RS SPhU of the mandelic acid isopropyl ester the traditional methods of organic synthesis, X-ray diffraction analysis,Β 1H and 13CΒ NMR-spectroscopy, absorption spectrophotometry in the infrared region, thermogravimetry, the capillary method for determining the melting point, thin-layer and liquid chromatography were used, determination of water was performed by K. Fischer titration.Results and discussion. The simple method for the synthesis of 1-methylethyl-(2RS)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate with mandelic acid and 2-propanol in the presence of catalytic amounts of inorganic acids, as well as its subsequent purification with a final yield of over 90 % have been proposed.Conclusions. As a result of the study isopropyl ester of mandelic acid has been synthesized, and the effective method of its purification providing a high degree of purity of the target compound has been selected. By its characteristics the substance obtained fully complies with the requirements of the LGC international certificate as a RS and can be used for the qualitative and quantitative determination of a related impurity in the pregabalin substance.Β Π’ соотвСтствии с условиями ΠœΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ совСта ΠΏΠΎ согласованию тСхничСских Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊ лСкарствСнным срСдствам (ICH) Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΡŽ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΡŽ Π½Π° лСкарствСнноС срСдство Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ тСст Π½Π° испытаниС ΡΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… примСсСй. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π² лСкарствСнном срСдствС ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ исходныС, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Ρ‹ синтСза, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ…Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ЦСль Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ – ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡŒ субстанции ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π³Π°Π±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° – ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ эфир миндальной кислоты высокой чистоты для обСспСчСния отСчСствСнного фармацСвтичСского Ρ€Ρ‹Π½ΠΊΠ° Ρ„Π°Ρ€ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ стандартным ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠΌ ГосударствСнной Ρ„Π°Ρ€ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΈ Π£ΠΊΡ€Π°ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ (ЀБО Π“Π€Π£) Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹ импортозамСщСния стандартных ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² (БО).ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Для получСния ЀБО Π“Π€Π£ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ эфира миндальной кислоты использовали Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ органичСского синтСза, рСнтгСноструктурный Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·, 1Н ΠΈ 13Π‘ ЯМР-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡŽ, Π°Π±ΡΠΎΡ€Π±Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡŽ Π² инфракрасной области, Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡŽ, капиллярный ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ опрСдСлСния Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ плавлСния, Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ…Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚Π½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ…Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΡŽ, Π° ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ К. Π€ΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ€Ρƒ.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… обсуТдСниС. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ простой Π² исполнСнии ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ синтСза 1-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-(2RS)-2-гидрокси-2-Ρ„Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ»Π°Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Π° ΠΈΠ· миндальной кислоты ΠΈ 2-ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»Π° Π² присутствии каталитичСского количСства нСорганичСских кислот, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ очистки с ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π²Ρ‹Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 90 %.Π’Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Π’ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ исслСдования синтСзирован ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ эфир миндальной кислоты ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½ эффСктивный ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ Π΅Π³ΠΎ очистки, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ обСспСчиваСт Π²Ρ‹ΡΠΎΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡŒ чистоты Ρ†Π΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Π°. По своим характСристикам ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ вСщСство ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ соотвСтствуСт трСбованиям, ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡŠΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΌ ΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΌΡƒ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ сСртификатом LGC ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊ ЀБО ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ использовано для качСствСнного ΠΈ количСствСнного опрСдСлСния ΡΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ примСси Π² субстанции ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π³Π°Π±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ½Π°.Π’Ρ–Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎ ΡƒΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠœΡ–ΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ— Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈ Π· узгодТСння Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… Π²ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ Π΄ΠΎ Π»Ρ–ΠΊΠ°Ρ€ΡΡŒΠΊΠΈΡ… засобів (ICH) Π΄ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡ— ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„Ρ–Ρ— Π½Π° Π»Ρ–ΠΊΠ°Ρ€ΡΡŒΠΊΠΈΠΉ засіб Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ тСст Π½Π° випробування супутніх Π΄ΠΎΠΌΡ–ΡˆΠΎΠΊ. Π”ΠΎΠΌΡ–ΡˆΠΊΠΈ Ρƒ Π»Ρ–ΠΊΠ°Ρ€ΡΡŒΠΊΠΎΠΌΡƒ засобі ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ з’являтися як Π²ΠΈΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½Ρ–, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ–ΠΆΠ½Ρ– Ρ‡ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ±Ρ–Ρ‡Π½Ρ– ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΈ синтСзу, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ Ρ– ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π·Π±Π΅Ρ€Ρ–Π³Π°Π½Π½Ρ–. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚Π° Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈ – ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΡ–ΡˆΠΊΡƒ субстанції ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π³Π°Π±Π°Π»Ρ–Π½Ρƒ – Ρ–Π·ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΡ–Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ СстСр ΠΌΠΈΠ³Π΄Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡ— кислоти високої чистоти для забСзпСчСння вітчизняного Ρ„Π°Ρ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†Π΅Π²Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΡƒ Ρ„Π°Ρ€ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΈΠΌ стандартним Π·Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π”Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΡ— Ρ„Π°Ρ€ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ— Π£ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ—Π½ΠΈ (Π€Π‘Π— Π”Π€Π£) Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ імпортозаміщСння стандартних Π·Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΊΡ–Π² (Π‘Π—). ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ–Π°Π»ΠΈ Ρ‚Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ. Для одСрТання Π€Π‘Π— Π”Π€Π£ Ρ–Π·ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΡ–Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ СстСру ΠΌΠΈΠ³Π΄Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡ— кислоти використовували Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†Ρ–ΠΉΠ½Ρ– ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ синтСзу, рСнтгСноструктурний Π°Π½Π°Π»Ρ–Π·, 1Н Ρ‚Π° 13Π‘ ЯМР-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡ–ΡŽ, абсорбційну ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ–ΡŽ Π² Ρ–Π½Ρ„Ρ€Π°Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠ½Ρ–ΠΉ області, Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π²Ρ–ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ–ΡŽ, капілярний ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ визначСння Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€ΠΈ плавлСння, Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΡˆΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Ρƒ Ρ‚Π° Ρ€Ρ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π½Ρƒ Ρ…Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„Ρ–ΡŽ, Π° визначСння Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ титруванням Π·Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ К. Π€Ρ–ΡˆΠ΅Ρ€Π°.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ Ρ‚Π° Ρ—Ρ… обговорСння. Π—Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ простий Ρƒ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π½Π½Ρ– ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ синтСзу 1-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-(2RS)-2-гідрокси-2-Ρ„Π΅Π½Ρ–Π»Π°Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρƒ Π· ΠΌΠΈΠ³Π΄Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡ— кислоти Ρ– 2-ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»Ρƒ Π² присутності ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π°Π»Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— ΠΊΡ–Π»ΡŒΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ– Π½Π΅ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… кислот, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ наступного очищСння Π· ΠΊΡ–Π½Ρ†Π΅Π²ΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΈΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ½Π°Π΄ 90 %. Висновки. Π£ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ– дослідТСння синтСзовано Ρ–Π·ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΡ–Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ СстСр ΠΌΠΈΠ³Π΄Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡ— кислоти Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΡ–Π΄Ρ–Π±Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΎ Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ очищСння, який Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΡƒΡ” високий ΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΡ–Π½ΡŒ чистоти Ρ†Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ— сполуки. Π—Π° своїми характСристиками ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π½Π° Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŽ Π²Ρ–Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ–Π΄Π°Ρ” Π²ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΠΌ, Ρ‰ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΡΡƒΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π½Π΅Ρ— ΠΌΡ–ΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ сСртифікатом LGC як Π΄ΠΎ Π€Π‘Π—, Ρ‚Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈ використана для якісного Ρ‚Π° ΠΊΡ–Π»ΡŒΠΊΡ–ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ визначСння супровідної Π΄ΠΎΠΌΡ–ΡˆΠΊΠΈ Π² субстанції ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π³Π°Π±Π°Π»Ρ–Π½Ρƒ.

    Intermolecular interactions of decamethoxinum and acetylsalicylic acid in systems of various complexity levels

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    Intermolecular interactions between decamethoxinum (DEC) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASА) have been studied in the phospholipid-containing systems of escalating complexity levels. The host media for these substances were solvents, L-α-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) membranes, and samples of human erythrocytes. Peculiar effects caused by DEC-ASА interaction have been observed in each system using appropriate techniques: (a) DEC-ASА non-covalent complexes formation in DPPC-containing systems were revealed by mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization; (b) joint DEC-ASА action on DPPC model membranes led to increasing of membrane melting temperature Tm, whereas individual drugs caused pronounced Tm decreasing, which was demonstrated by differential scanning calorimetry; (c) deceleration of DEC-induced haemolysis of erythrocytes under joint DEC-ASА application was observed by optical microscopy

    AN OPTION OF HIGH CHARGE OPERATION FOR THE EUROPEAN XFEL

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    Abstract The 1.3 GHz superconducting accelerator developed in the framework of TESLA and the European XFEL project holds the potential to accelerate high charge electron beams. This feature has been successfully demonstrated during the first run of the free electron laser at the TESLA Test Facility with lasing driven by electron bunches with a charge of up to 4 nC. Currently DESY and the European XFEL GmbH perform revision of the baseline parameters for the electron beam. In this report we discuss a potential option of operation of the European XFEL driven by high charge (1 nC to 3 nC) electron beams. We present the results of the production and characterization of high charge electron bunches. Experiments have been performed at PITZ and demonstrated good properties of the electron beam in terms of emittance. Simulations of the radiation properties of SASE FELs show that application of high charge electron beams will open up the possibility to generate radiation pulse energies up to the few hundred milli-Joule level

    Comparative DNA Cytometry of Primary and Recurrent Soft Tissue Sarcomas

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    The goal of comparative investigation was to reveal the distinctive features of the DNA content and cell distribution in the phases of the cell cycle of recurrent STS. DNA cytometry in the tumor tissue of 30 primary soft tissue sarcomas (t2a-2bn0M0) and 30 STS recurrences (t2-3n0M1) was carried out using the method of flow cytofluorometry. the tumor ploidy and cell distribution in the cell cycle phases were analyzed. Results. A number of differences in the DNA cytometric parameters of primary and recurrent STS have been revealed, they include: an increase in the proportion of aneuploid tumors in case of recurrence, the number of tumors with DNA index within the mitotic cycle, an increase in the proportion of cells in G2+M- phase of diploid and aneuploidy tumors and a decrease in S- phase of aneuploid ones. It has been shown that with a G2 differentiation degree, the proportion of cells in G2+M, S- and IP of recurrent STS is significantly lower than the primary parameters. An increase in the proportion of cells in G2+M- phase and a decrease in the rate of proliferation of recurrent STS, depending on the stage, are shown only in case of stage III. Conclusion. The revealed features of DNA content and cell cycle of tumor cells of soft tissue sarcomas will allow to approach to understanding of biological bases of recurrence of this malignant disease.ЦСлью исслСдования Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ Π²Ρ‹ΡΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π² ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ аспСктС ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ особСнности содСрТания Π”ΠΠš ΠΈ распрСдСлСния ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎ Ρ„Π°Π·Π°ΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… БМВ. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ„Π»ΡƒΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π”ΠΠš-Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡŽ Π² ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ 30 ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… сарком мягких Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ (T2a-2bN0M0) ΠΈ 30 – Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² БМВ (t2-3n0M1). Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ распрСдСлСниС ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎ Ρ„Π°Π·Π°ΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°. Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. ВыявлСн ряд Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠΉ Π”ΠΠš-цитомСтричСских ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… БМВ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ: Π² ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π°Π½Π΅ΡƒΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ…, числа ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ с Π˜Π”ΠΠš Π² ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ… митотичСского Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°, ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ Π² G2+M- Ρ„Π°Π·Π΅ Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ Π°Π½Π΅ΡƒΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ сниТСниС Π² S-Ρ„Π°Π·Π΅ Π°Π½Π΅ΡƒΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ…. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ стСпСни Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ G2 доля ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ Π² Ρ„Π°Π·Π°Ρ… G2+M, S- ΠΈ ИП Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… БМВ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ…. Π£Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ Π² G2+M-Ρ„Π°Π·Π΅ ΠΈ сниТСниС Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ„Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… БМВ Π² зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ стадии ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ‹ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ III стадии. Π’Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. ВыявлСнныС особСнности содСрТания Π”ΠΠš ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ сарком мягких Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ позволят ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΊ пониманию биологичСских основ рСцидивирования этого злокачСствСнного заболСвания

    The adsorption of nitrogen on NaX zeolite

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