Three-dimensional Roton-Excitations and Supersolid formation in Rydberg-excited Bose-Einstein Condensates

We study the behavior of a Bose-Einstein condensate in which atoms are weakly coupled to a highly excited Rydberg state. Since the latter have very strong van der Waals interactions, this coupling induces effective, nonlocal interactions between the dressed ground state atoms, which, opposed to dipolar interactions, are isotropically repulsive. Yet, one finds partial attraction in momentum space, giving rise to a roton-maxon excitation spectrum and a transition to a supersolid state in three-dimensional condensates. A detailed analysis of decoherence and loss mechanisms suggests that these phenomena are observable with current experimental capabilities.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

Magnetic double refraction in piezoelectrics

A new type of magneto-optical effect in piezoelectrics is predicted. A low frequency behavior of Faraday effect is found.Comment: 2 pages, to be published in Europhys. Lett

The bound on viscosity and the generalized second law of thermodynamics

We describe a new paradox for ideal fluids. It arises in the accretion of an \textit{ideal} fluid onto a black hole, where, under suitable boundary conditions, the flow can violate the generalized second law of thermodynamics. The paradox indicates that there is in fact a lower bound to the correlation length of any \textit{real} fluid, the value of which is determined by the thermodynamic properties of that fluid. We observe that the universal bound on entropy, itself suggested by the generalized second law, puts a lower bound on the correlation length of any fluid in terms of its specific entropy. With the help of a new, efficient estimate for the viscosity of liquids, we argue that this also means that viscosity is bounded from below in a way reminiscent of the conjectured Kovtun-Son-Starinets lower bound on the ratio of viscosity to entropy density. We conclude that much light may be shed on the Kovtun-Son-Starinets bound by suitable arguments based on the generalized second law.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figure, published versio

Temperature-dependent resistivity of suspended graphene

In this paper we investigate the electron-phonon contribution to the resistivity of suspended single layer graphene. In-plane as well as flexural phonons are addressed in different temperature regimes. We focus on the intrinsic electron-phonon coupling due to the interaction of electrons with elastic deformations in the graphene membrane. The competition between screened deformation potential vs fictitious gauge field coupling is discussed, together with the role of tension in the suspended flake. In the absence of tension, flexural phonons dominate the phonon contribution to the resistivity at any temperature $T$ with a $T^{5/2}_{}$ and $T^{2}_{}$ dependence at low and high temperatures, respectively. Sample-specific tension suppresses the contribution due to flexural phonons, yielding a linear temperature dependence due to in-plane modes. We compare our results with recent experiments.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figure

VIIaℏ^{\hbar}_a, IIIa=1ℏ_{a=1}^{\hbar}, VIa≠1ℏ_{a\neq1}^{\hbar}

Operadic Lax representations for the harmonic oscillator are used to construct the quantum counterparts of some 3d real Lie algebras in Bianchi classification. The Jacobians of these quantum algebras are studied. It is conjectured that the tangent algebras of these quantum algebras are the Heisenberg algebra. From this it follows that the volume element in $\mathbb{R}^{3}$ is quantized by $|(x,y,z)|=4\sqrt{2}(2n+1)$, ($n=0,1,2,\dots$). Thus, the elementary (minimal) length in this model is $l_{min}=2^{5/6}$.Comment: LaTeX2e, 9pp, 10 Refs. v10: the original version restored and improved, Refs updated. Text proceeds arXiv:0901.4064, arXiv:0807.0428, arXiv:0806.134

High temperature expansion applied to fermions near Feshbach resonance

We show that, apart from a difference in scale, all of the surprising recently observed properties of a degenerate Fermi gas near a Feshbach resonance persist in the high temperature Boltzmann regime. In this regime, the Feshbach resonance is unshifted. By sweeping across the resonance, a thermal distribution of bound states (molecules) can be reversibly generated. Throughout this process, the interaction energy is negative and continuous. We also show that this behavior must persist at lower temperatures unless there is a phase transition as the temperature is lowered. We rigorously demonstrate universal behavior near the resonance.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures (3 color, 1 BW), RevTeX4; ver4 -- updated references, changed title -- version accepted for publication in Physical Review Letter

Phase separation in the vicinity of "quantum critical" doping concentration: implications for high temperature superconductors

A general quantitative measure of the tendency towards phase separation is introduced for systems exhibiting phase transitions or crossovers controlled by charge carrier concentration. This measure is devised for the situations when the quantitative knowledge of various contributions to free energy is incomplete, and is applied to evaluate the chances of electronic phase separation associated with the onset of antiferromagnetic correlations in high-temperature cuprate superconductors. The experimental phenomenology of lanthanum- and yittrium-based cuprates was used as input to this analysis. It is also pointed out that Coulomb repulsion between charge carriers separated by the distances of 1-3 lattice periods strengthens the tendency towards phase separation by accelerating the decay of antiferromagnetic correlations with doping. Overall, the present analysis indicates that cuprates are realistically close to the threshold of phase separation -- nanoscale limited or even macroscopic with charge density varying between adjacent crystal planes

Berry Curvature, Triangle Anomalies, and the Chiral Magnetic Effect in Fermi Liquids

In a three-dimensional Fermi liquid, quasiparticles near the Fermi surface may possess a Berry curvature. We show that if the Berry curvature has a nonvanishing flux through the Fermi surface, the particle number associated with this Fermi surface has a triangle anomaly in external electromagnetic fields. We show how Landau's Fermi liquid theory should be modified to take into account the Berry curvature. We show that the "chiral magnetic effect" also emerges from the Berry curvature flux.Comment: 5 pages, published versio

Why and when the Minkowski's stress tensor can be used in the problem of Casimir force acting on bodies embedded in media

It is shown that the criticism by Raabe and Welsch of the Dzyaloshinskii-Lifshitz-Pitaevskii theory of the van der Waals-Casimir forces inside a medium is based on misunderstandings. It is explained why and at which conditions one can use the ''Minkowski-like '' stress tensor for calculations of the forces. The reason, why approach of Raabe and Welsch is incorrect, is discussed.Comment: Comment, 2 pages. 2 misprints were correcte

Measuring nonadiabaticity of molecular quantum dynamics with quantum fidelity and with its efficient semiclassical approximation

We propose to measure nonadiabaticity of molecular quantum dynamics rigorously with the quantum fidelity between the Born-Oppenheimer and fully nonadiabatic dynamics. It is shown that this measure of nonadiabaticity applies in situations where other criteria, such as the energy gap criterion or the extent of population transfer, fail. We further propose to estimate this quantum fidelity efficiently with a generalization of the dephasing representation to multiple surfaces. Two variants of the multiple-surface dephasing representation (MSDR) are introduced, in which the nuclei are propagated either with the fewest-switches surface hopping (FSSH) or with the locally mean field dynamics (LMFD). The LMFD can be interpreted as the Ehrenfest dynamics of an ensemble of nuclear trajectories, and has been used previously in the nonadiabatic semiclassical initial value representation. In addition to propagating an ensemble of classical trajectories, the MSDR requires evaluating nonadiabatic couplings and solving the Schr\"{o}dinger (or more generally, the quantum Liouville-von Neumann) equation for a single discrete degree of freedom. The MSDR can be also used to measure the importance of other terms present in the molecular Hamiltonian, such as diabatic couplings, spin-orbit couplings, or couplings to external fields, and to evaluate the accuracy of quantum dynamics with an approximate nonadiabatic Hamiltonian. The method is tested on three model problems introduced by Tully, on a two-surface model of dissociation of NaI, and a three-surface model including spin-orbit interactions. An example is presented that demonstrates the importance of often-neglected second-order nonadiabatic couplings.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, submitted to J. Chem. Phy