Praktek Pencegahan Penyakit Menular dan Faktor yang Berperan pada Pekerja Laboratorium Puskesmas di Tiga Provinsi di Indonesia, Tahun 2012

Laboratorium merupakan salah satu lokasi kerja di pelayanan kesehatan yang memberikan risiko lebih tinggi untuk terpapar kuman TB lebih tinggi dibandingkan ruang kerja lainnya. Kewaspadaan dan perilaku pencegahan penyakit menular terutama TB pada pekerja laboratorium sangat perlu diperhatikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi praktek pencegahan penyakit menular dan faktor yang berperan pada pekerja laboratorium di tiga provinsi di Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan secara potong lintang, pada 60 pekerja laboratorium yang bertugas di 50 Puskesmas (Puskesmas rujukan mikroskopis/PRM dan Puskesmas pelaksana mandiri/PPM) di Provinsi Banten, Provinsi Gorontalo, dan Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur dan observasi, pada tahun 2012. Praktek pencegahan penyakit menular ditentukan berdasarkan 14 pertanyaan. Hanya 40% dari 60 pekerja laboratorium yang baik dalam praktek pencegahan penyakit menular saat bekerja di laboratorium. Pekerja dari Puskesmas di Provinsi Banten berpeluang 4,2 kali lebih banyak untuk baik dalam praktek pencegahan penyakit menular dibandingkan dengan pekerjadari Puskesmas di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan (p=0,03 OR 4,21; 95%CI 1,14-15,47). Pekerja dari Puskesmas di Provinsi Gorontalo tidak berbeda dengan pekerja dari Puskesmas di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan dalam praktek pencegahan penyakit menular (p=0,08 OR 5,51; 95%CI 0,83-36,73). Faktor lama kerja dan jenis Puskesmas merupakan faktor perancu terhadap hubungan antara lokasi provinsi pekerja laboratorium dengan praktek pencegahan penyakit menular (p>0,05). Lokasi provinsi dimana Puskesmas berada merupakan faktor yang berhubungan secara signifikan terhadap praktek pencegahan penyakit menular.Kata Kunci : pekerja laboratorium, Puskesmas, pencegahan penyakit menular AbstractLaboratory is one of the health care locations with higher risk for tuberculose infection (TB) than other workplaces. Awareness and infectious disease prevention practice of the laboratory workers should be encouraged. This study aimed to identify the infectious disease prevention practice and related factors of laboratory workers, in three provinces in Indonesia. A cross sectional study was conducted in Banten Province, Gorontalo Province, and South Kalimantan Province in 2012. Data were collected by interviewing 60 laboratory workers from 50 Primary Health Centers (PHC) using structuredquestionnaires and observation. The infectious disease prevention practice was assessed by scoring 14 questions. Only 40% of the 60 laboratory workers were good in practising infectious disease prevention while working in the laboratory. Laboratory workers from PHC in Banten Province were 4.2 times higher in good infectious disease prevention practice than workers from PHC in South Kalimantan Province (p=0.03 OR 4.21; 95%CI 1.14-15.47). Laboratory workers from PHC in Gorontalo Province were not significantly different in good infectious disease prevention practice than workers from PHC in SouthKalimantan Province (p=0.08 OR 5.51; 95%CI 0.83-36.73). The length of work and type of PHC were not significantly associated with infectious disease prevention practice (p> 0.05) but became confounders to the association of province location with infectious disease prevention practice. Infectious disease prevention practice was associated with the province where PHC located.Keywords: laboratory worker, primary health center, infectious disease preventio

Peran Latihan Tangan Dalam Pencegahan Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Pada Perempuan Pekerja Garmen

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is one of the commonest cumulative traumatic disorder causedby medianus nerve entrapment in carpal tunnel at the wrist. Carpal tunnel syndrome is related to repetitivebiomechanical movement in hand at work. To prevent CTS, workers can do the job conditioning, performstretching exercises, and take frequent rest breaks. Objectives: to evaluate the role of hand exercise to thesymptom of CTS among female garment workers. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted at3 garment factories in Jakarta 2004, in 10 months period. Respondents were female workers aged 17 to 40,divided into intervention group and control group. The intervention group was trained to do hand exercise,4 times in 4 months. After training, the respondent should practice it regularly, twice a day, and 3 times aweek in the workplace. The hand exercise practice was evaluated by questionnaire and self control card.The symptoms of CTS were assessed using The NIOSH (The National Institute for Occupational Safetyand Health) criteria for CTS. Results: Amount of subject 201 workers were in the intervention group and126 workers were in the control group. After the intervention, the symptom of CTS such as paresthesia andweakness significantly decreased in the intervention group (p=0,0001 and p=0,01), but the symptom ofCTS such as numbness and pain did not significantly decrease (p>0,05). After the intervention, all of theCTS symptom did not decrease in control group (p>0,05) .Conclusions: Doing the hand exercise regularlycan prevent the symptoms of CTS. The employer should support their workers to do the hand exercise inthe workplace

Hubungan Lama Kerja dan Posisi Kerja dengan Keluhan Otot Rangka Leher dan Ektremitas Atas pada Pekerja Garmen Perempuan di Jakarta Utara

Background: Neck and upper extremity musculoskeletal complaints are the common symptoms in occupational diseases that can cause workers disability and absenteeism. Objectives: to evaluate the percentage of neck and upper extremity musculoskeletal symptoms and its relation with occupational and individual factors (socioeconomic, smoking habit, blood sugar level, and body mass index). Methods: a cross sectional study among 778female garment workers in North Jakarta in 2005. Samples were selected purposively with inclusion criteria (age 18—55 years old, minimal 1 year working period). Results: The percentage of neck and upper extremity musculoskeletal symptom was 75.7 % (in detail 59.9 % on hands, 32 % on neck, 11.8% on shoulders, 11.1 % on back, and 9.6 % on elbow). The symptoms were weariness 81.2 %, hyperesthesia 50.6 %, pain 16.1 %, parasthesia 12.4 %, and weakness 11 %. The factors significantly related to neck and upper extremity musculoskeletal symptoms were working period and work position. The musculoskeletal symptoms in persons who had 1—10 years working period was higher than 11—25 years working period (OR 1.78 95 %CI 1.15-2.76 p=0.01), and working in sitting position was higher than standing position (OR 1.44 95 %CI 1.02-2.05p=0.038). Intervention through workplace modification such as the table or the chair height can protect workers from neck and upper extremity musculoskeletal symptoms

Sensitifitas Dan Spesifisitas Pertanyaan Gejala Saluran Pernapasan Dan Faktor Risiko Untuk Kejadian Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik (PPOK)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic lung disease characterized by progressive non-reversible or partially reversible airflow obstruction in the airway. The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of questions on respiratory symptoms and risky behavior for diagnosing COPD. Method. This study was a further analysis of Bogor Cohort Study on Non-Communicable Risk Factors 2011-2012 data. COPD was diagnosed by spirometry examination with bronchodilator. Twelve questions on COPD respiratory symptoms and two questions on rizky behavior were analyzed using crossed tabulation with 5 % significance level. Results. The sensitivity and specificity of several aggregate questions on respiratory symptom and COPD risk factors ranged from 12.5% to 94.3% and 2.2% to 94.4%. Aggregate of 7 questions on 6 respiratory symptoms and 1 smoking behavior with either one was answered “Yes” had the optimal sensitivity (68.1 %) and specificity (59.7 %). Those questions were coughing more than 1 month, excreting sputum almost every day, easily feeling fatigue or dyspnea while doing activity, dyspnea > 3 months that restricted daily activities, worsened fatigue/dyspnea, whizzing, and smoking behavior. Conclusion. Questions on respiratory symptoms were neither sensitive nor specific for diagnosing COPD

Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk N Dan K Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Bawang Merah

. Napitupulu, D. and L. Winarto. 2010. The Effect of N and K Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Shallots. Shallots is one of the vegetables that has wide adaptation. One variety of shallots that well adapted in the lowland is Kuning. Total shallots production in North Sumatera was still quite low and has not yet been able to meet the local needs. The low productivity of shallots in North Sumatera meanwhile, was due to inappropriate fertilizers application and no suitable recommendation of fertilization package technology for spesific location. Good recommendation of fertilization application was expected to increase productivity which economically profitable. The objective of this study was to find out the effect of N and K fertilizers on the growth and yield of shallots. The study was conducted in the Experiments Garden, Assessment Institute of Agriculture Technology Medan, North Sumatera, at 30 m asl, from April to June 2008. Shallots variety used was Kuning. The treatments were four levels of N (0, 150, 200, 250 kg/ha) and four levels of K (0, 75, 100, 125 kg/ha). The experiment was arranged in a factorial randomized block design with four replications. Basic fertilizers used were manure (15 t/ha) and SP-36 (300 kg/ha), applied at one week before planting. N and K were given at the age of 3, 21, and 35 days after planting respectively with the dose of ⅓. The plot size was 1.5 x 1.5 m, and 0.3 m row spacing and distance beetween block 0.4 m, and 0.3 m respectively. Planting distance was 25 x 25 cm. Pest and disease observation were done using integrated pest control methods. The research results indicated that there was interaction between nitrogen and potassium fertilizers application to the fresh weight and dry bulb per plant. Application of fertilizer could increase shallots dry bulb yield up to 64.69 g/plant that was obtained by the application of 250 kg/ha N and 100 kg/ha K. The fertilizer application of N (250 kg/ha) and K (100 kg/ha) was recommended to increase the productivity of shallots in the area

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Pada Pekerja Garmen Di Jakarta

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a disorder caused by medianus nerve entrapment in carpal tunnel in the wrist and gives many symptoms as painfully, numbness, hyperesthesia at nerve medianus area. The objective of this study was to asses CTS in garment factory workers and determine the prevalence of CTS, CTS relation to age, sex, workhour, and repeated biomechanical pressure in hand/wrist. A cross sectional design was used in the study conducted in Jakarta in 2002, to 814 person sample with simple random sampling method. Data collection was done through interviews, inspections, and examinations. The study found that prevalence of CTS was 20.3% (n= 814) in work unit. Workers who worked with high repeated biomechanical pressure in right hand/wrist was 74.1%, in left hand/wrist were 65.5%. Carpal tunnel syndrome in female higher than CTS in male (p=0.04). There was 110 significant correlation between increased of age, workhour, repeated biomechanical pressure in hand/wrist and increased of CTS. For confirmation 10% cases CTS were examined by electroneurography and electromyography, and found that CTS was 35,3%