Emergency gynecological morbidity in the Republic of Moldova

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Postgraduate Study, Nicolae Testemitsanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, the Republic of MoldovaBackground: The importance of the problem is determined by clinical features, difficulties in timely diagnostics, a low efficiency of the traditional methods of treatment, inadequate and, sometimes, unreasonable surgical interventions followed by the development of postoperative complications, leading to the deterioration of the reproductive health of women, their invalidization or death. Material and methods: The article presents the results of the retrospective study of 106142 patients with emergency gynecological diseases who were hospitalized and received an inpatient and/or surgical treatment in gynecological departments of health care institutions of the Republic of Moldova in the period of 2007-2011. Results: In the structure of the emergency gynecological pathologies in the Republic of Moldova intra-abdominal hemorrhages (36.48%) predominated during this five-year period, followed by a dysfunctional uterine bleeding (25.38%), a pelvic inflammatory disease (19.01%) and trophic disorders of the internal genitalia (13.32%). The results of the study have showed a high rate of late coming to the doctors of the patients with gynecologic pathologies in advanced stages. Conclusions: To improve a surgical gynecological care the urgent measures should be taken to adapt it to the conditions of the market economy, to modernize and reform the gynecological service within the national health insurance system, including a wide implementation into medical practice of modern methods of diagnosis and treatment, especially, a mini-invasive surgery, and to increase the level of qualification of professionals in the field, which will allow to reduce the length of hospitalization and rehabilitation, the cost of treatment and to increase the patients’ life quality

Oscillations of bubbles attached to a capillary: case of pure liquid

An oscillating bubble attached to a tip of a capillary is used for probing interfacial properties of liquids containing surface-active agents. Nevertheless, available theories even for the case of pure liquid are not satisfactory. In this contribution, we therefore present results of a linear inviscid theory for shape oscillations of a spherical bubble, which is in contact with a solid support. The theory allows determining eigenmodes (i.e. eigenfrequencies, eigenmode shapes and damping of eigenmode oscillations), but also response of the bubble shape to a motion of its support or to volume variations. Present theory covers also the cases previously analyzed by Strani and Sabetta (J. Fluid Mech., 1984) and Bostwick and Steen (Phys. Fluids, 2009), and it can be applied to both bubbles and drops. The theory has been compared to experiments. Good agreement is found for the case of small bubbles, which have spherical static shape. Experimental results for larger bubbles and drops deviate from the theory, if a neck is formed. It is shown that this deviation correlates well with a ratio of bubble volume to the maximum volume, when a detachment occurs

Modification of shape oscillations of an attached bubble by surfactants

Surface-active agents (surfactants, e.g. washing agents) strongly modifies properties of gas-liquid interface. We have carried out extensive experiments, in which we study effect of surfactants on the shape oscillations of a bubble, which is attached at a tip of a capillary. In the experiments, shape oscillations of a bubble are invoked by a motion of a capillary, to which the bubble is injected. Decaying oscillations are recorded and their frequency and damping are evaluated. By changing the excitation frequency, three lowest oscillation modes are studied. Experiments were repeated in aqueous solution of several surfactants (terpineol, SDS, CTAB, Triton X-100, Triton X-45) at various concentrations. Generally, these features are observed: Initially a surfactant addition leads to an increase of the oscillation frequency (though surface tension is decreasing); this effect can be attributed to the increasing interfacial elasticity. The decay time of oscillation is strongly decreasing, as a consequence of energy dissipation linked with Marangoni stresses. At a certain critical concentration, frequency decreases abruptly and the decay time passes by a minimum. With further addition of surfactant, frequency decreases, and the decay time slightly lengthens. Above critical micelle concentration, all these parameters stabilize. Interestingly, the critical concentration, at which frequency drop occurs, depends on mode order. This clearly shows that the frequency drop and minimum decay time are not a consequence of some abrupt change of interfacial properties, but are a consequence of some phenomena, which still need to be explained

Oscillations of bubbles attached to a capillary: case of pure liquid

An oscillating bubble attached to a tip of a capillary is used for probing interfacial properties of liquids containing surface-active agents. Nevertheless, available theories even for the case of pure liquid are not satisfactory. In this contribution, we therefore present results of a linear inviscid theory for shape oscillations of a spherical bubble, which is in contact with a solid support. The theory allows determining eigenmodes (i.e. eigenfrequencies, eigenmode shapes and damping of eigenmode oscillations), but also response of the bubble shape to a motion of its support or to volume variations. Present theory covers also the cases previously analyzed by Strani and Sabetta (J. Fluid Mech., 1984) and Bostwick and Steen (Phys. Fluids, 2009), and it can be applied to both bubbles and drops. The theory has been compared to experiments. Good agreement is found for the case of small bubbles, which have spherical static shape. Experimental results for larger bubbles and drops deviate from the theory, if a neck is formed. It is shown that this deviation correlates well with a ratio of bubble volume to the maximum volume, when a detachment occurs

Validation of the Analytical Procedure for the Determination of Malondialdehyde and Three Other Aldehydes in Vegetable Oil Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and Application to Linseed Oil

Secondary oxidation products of fatty acids, mainly aldehydes, are susceptible to cause significant deterioration in chemical, sensory and nutritional food properties, as well as adverse health effects. An analytical method involving separation by liquid chromatography coupled to the detection by tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been developed to evaluate the concentration of four aldehydes in oil samples: malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (4-HHE) and 2,4-decadienal (2,4-DECA). The optimisation of the extraction, derivation, detection and quantification has been finalised for coconut oil, used as a model of vegetable oils. The method has been validated according to the criteria and procedure described in international standards. The evaluated parameters include specificity/selectivity, recovery, precision, accuracy, uncertainty, limits of detection and quantification, using the concept of accuracy profiles. These parameters have been evaluated during experiments planned on different non-consecutive days with coconut oil spiked at different levels of concentration. The validation of the developed analytical method showed that it is possible to analyse MDA, 4-HHE, 4-HNE and 2,4-decadienal in oil samples, in the same run, with a very good accuracy for MDA, and a defined accuracy at specified concentrations for the three other aldehydes. The accuracy profile of MDA showed a recovery rate of 100 % (±1) and a maximum coefficient of variation for the intermediate precision of 14 % at 0.15 mg kg−1. For the three other aldehydes, recovery rates ranged between 79 and 101 % and coefficient of variation for the intermediate precision between 13 and 23 %. In first pressure linseed oil, stored for several days at 60 °C according to the Schaal oven test, it was shown that 4-HHE was the most produced aldehyde, reaching levels of 85 and 382 μmol kg−1 after 12 and 24 days, respectively, versus levels of 18 and 28 μmol MDA kg−1 of oil, respectively, and 17 and 51 μmol 4-HNE kg−1 of oil. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media New York