Regulatory Treatment of IP Transport and Services

Current U.S. regulatory policy is incoherent in its treatment of packet-oriented data communications services. Services based on X.25, Frame Relay or ATM protocols are regulated as telecommunications services, while IP packet transport is lumped together with applications such as email and the World Wide Web -- and treated as an unregulated information service. Uncertainty also reigns over the appropriate treatment of IP telephony. As IP transport becomes an ever more significant fraction of all telecommunications, public policy problems posed by this inconsistent treatment are likely to increase

Silicon-photonics light source realized by III-V/Si grating-mirror laser

A III-V/Si vertical-cavity in-plane-emitting laser structure is suggested and numerically investigated. This hybrid laser consists of a distributed Bragg reflector, a III-V active region, and a high-index-contrast grating (HCG) connected to an in-plane output waveguide. The HCG and the output waveguide are made in the Si layer of a silicon-on-insulator wafer by using Si-electronics-compatible processing. The HCG works as a highly-reflective mirror for vertical resonance and at the same time routes light to the in-plane output waveguide. Numerical simulations show superior performance compared to existing silicon light sources

Heavy noble gas (Kr, Xe) irradiated (111)InP nanoporous honeycomb membranes with enhanced ultrafast all-optical terahertz emission

Nanoporous honeycomb membranes on InP (111) surfaces emit ultrafast coherent terahertz pulses under near-infrared optical excitation. Irradiating the membranes with heavy noble gas Kr or Xe ions enhances the terahertz emission. The emission does not vary with in-plane magnetic field rotation and exhibits three-cycle dependence on azimuthal-angle rotation. Both suggest the terahertz source is not transient currents but optical rectification enhanced by the heavy-ion irradiation

Adhesion State Estimation for Electrostatic Gripper Based on Online Capacitance Measure

Electroadhesion is a suitable technology for developing grippers for applications where fragile, compliant or variable shape objects need to be grabbed and where a retention action is typically preferred to a compression force. This article presents a self-sensing technique for electroadhesive devices (EAD) based on the capacitance measure. Specifically, we demonstrate that measuring the variation of the capacitance between electrodes of an EAD during the adhesion can provide useful information to automatically detect the successful grip of an object and the possible loss of adhesion during manipulation. To this aim, a dedicated electronic circuit is developed that is able to measure capacitance variations while the high voltage required for the adhesion is activated. A test bench characterization is presented to evaluate the self-sensing of capacitance during different states: (1) the EAD is far away from the object to be grasped; (2) the EAD is in contact with the object, but the voltage is not active (i.e., no adhesion); and (3) the EAD is activated and attached to the object. Correlation between the applied voltage, object material and shape and capacitance is made. The self-sensing EAD is then demonstrated in a closed-loop robotic application that employs a robot manipulator arm to pick and place objects of different kinds

THE EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS REGARDING THE INFLUENCE OF THE COMPOST AND OF THE AMENDAMENTS TO THE TEMPORARY MEADOWS FROM SCDA SIMNIC

Both the simple mixture of graminaceae and pulverize and the complex react very weel both to the organic fertilization and the chimical one with nitrogen.The amount of the crop obtained in the mictures with organic fertilization, with oxidat between 1,3 – 2,1 t/m d.s. at the simple mixture and 1,8 – 2,6 t/ha d.s. in the case of the complex mixture of nitrogen. The nitrogenous, too has substantially contributed to the encreasing of the crop, ensuaring a growth of over 3,6 t/ha d.s. (N120) at the simple mixture, respectively over 5,4 t/ha d.s. (N120) at the complex mixture

RESEARCHING RESULTS ON THE FERTILIZER APPLYING ON SOWN PASTURES ON LUVISOIL FROM ARDS SIMNIC

The sown pastures that are made of valuable grasses and leguminous fodder species have a high productive potential which can only be capitalized byproper fertilization. The mineral fertilizers are applied on a large scale due to their easy absorbtion by plants because they are soluble and immediate effect. Thenitrogen fertilizers applied on several rates substantially contributes to theobtaining of high harvests of fodder of good quality ensuring a better rescheduling of production

Layered perovskites in solar cells: structure, optoelectronic properties, and device design

Layered hybrid perovskites (LPKs) have emerged as a viable solution to address perovskite stability concerns and enable their implementation in wide-scale energy harvesting. Yet, although more stable, the performance of devices incorporating LPKs still lags behind that of state-of-the-art, multi-cation perovskite materials. This is typically assigned to their poor charge transport, currently caused by the choice of cations used within the organic layer. On balance, a compromise between efficiency and stability is sought, involving careful control of phase purity and distribution, interfaces and energy/charge transfer processes. Further progress is hindered by the difficulty in identifying the fundamental optoelectronic processes in these materials. Here, the high exciton binding energy of LPKs lead to the formation of multiple photoexcited species, which greatly complicate measurement interpretation. In this light, this review gives an overview of how complementary measurement techniques must be used to separate the contributions from the different species in order to identify device bottlenecks, and become a useful tool to narrow down the limitless list of organic cations. A move away from making compromises to mitigate the impact of poor charge transport is required. The root of the problem must be addressed instead through rational design of the interlayer cations

CERTAIN ENVIRONMENT, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF THE HIGH NATURAL VALUE (HNV) FARMING: ROMANIAN’S STATE OF THE ART

HNV farming is a new concept that describes those farming systems in Europe that have the widest biodiversity. It brings an alternative and complementary approach to the typology that has become conventional by nature conservation. The paper presents the role of the HNV farming system for the conservation of rare and threatened species and habitats in protected areas as well as preservation of biodiversity inEurope, which largely depends on the continuation of traditional agricultural practices in much wider areas of European rural space. Thus, one of the major problems in the implementation of agricultural policies in many European countries has been made aware: support for ,,nature” focuses on ,,designated areas” while support for ,,agriculture” flows abundantly towards large, intensive producers. This situation needs to be reconsidered because in the distribution of European funds there has been a recommendation on the major change towards environmentally beneficial land use