Perceived Parental Approval and Self-Esteem in College Students

This current study looked at whether college students’ self-esteem is related to their perceptions of how well they meet their parents’ approval, the type of contingencies of self-worth they have and the degree to which they incorporate important others into the self-concept. College students (N = 126) were asked to complete measures of global self-esteem, contingencies of self-worth, relational-interdependent self-construal, self-ratings on personal attributes, and parental approval and disapproval beliefs. There was no significant findings to suggest that college students’ self-esteem is related to parental approval or disapproval beliefs, suggesting that emerging adults are becoming more independent and autonomous during this time and do not base their feelings of self-worth on their parents’ approval

Nursing satisfaction in caring for elders

Despite the increasing number of Americans who are over 65 years of age, little research exists about the satisfaction of nurses who care for this population. This qualitative descriptive study investigated the factors that influence the satisfaction of such nurses, and yielded five main themes. Registered Nurses (RNs) reported providing high-quality care, developing relationships, and making a difference to be rewarding components of geriatric nursing. The nurses also discussed challenges, which included caring for elders with dementia and being unable to deliver the high-quality care they felt patients deserve. Several of these finding were consistent with existing studies that addressed nurse satisfaction in general. The results of the present study implied that recognizing nurses for their work and providing RNs with training related to caring for older adults may be effective ways to improve satisfaction. Recommendations for further research include conducting similar investigations that are both larger and inclusive of nurses who choose to work exclusively with geriatric patients. Research regarding effective ways to implement dementia-related education programs in the workplace is also suggested

When For Better Is For Worse: Immigration Law’s Gendered Impact on Foreign Polygamous Marriage

The United States has banned polygamous immigrants since the late nineteenth century. Enacted amid isolationist fears that an influx of polygamists would cause moral deterioration, the polygamy bar remains a resolute, if often overlooked, feature of modern immigration law. The current immigration scheme continues this tradition, rendering immigrants who intend to practice polygamy in the United States categorically ineligible for legal-permanent-resident status. As a result, the immigration bar allows polygamous men to immigrate with a wife of their choosing and the children from each of their marriages. Their other wives, however, are deemed inadmissible to the United States. This Note explores the immigration bar’s disproportionate effect on the foreign wives of polygamous immigrants. In addition to precluding the other wives of polygamous immigrants from legal permanent-resident status, the current immigration bar also renders such women ineligible for humanitarian ingress. After offering a comparative analysis of how Canada and the United Kingdom reconcile their respective policies against polygamy with the burgeoning question of women’s rights, this Note proposes that Congress likewise treat foreign women in polygamous unions with a degree of equity

Comparison of Provisions from Colorado's Blue Ribbon Commission for Health Care Reform and Federal Health Care Reform

A new issue brief commissioned by The Colorado Trust, and authored by the two lead staff members of the Colorado's Blue Ribbon Commission on Healthcare Reform (the 208 Commission), Tracy L. Johnson, PhD, Health Policy Solutions and Sarah Schulte, MHSA, Schulte Consulting, shows that there is significant agreement between our state's recommendations and the new federal law

Accretion in giant planet circumplanetary disks

During the final growth phase of giant planets, accretion is thought to be controlled by a surrounding circumplanetary disk. Current astrophysical accretion disk models rely on hydromagnetic turbulence or gravitoturbulence as the source of effective viscosity within the disk. However, the magnetically-coupled accreting region in these models is so limited that the disk may not support inflow at all radii, or at the required rate. Here, we examine the conditions needed for self-consistent accretion, in which the disk is susceptible to accretion driven by magnetic fields or gravitational instability. We model the disk as a Shakura-Sunyaev $\alpha$ disk and calculate the level of ionisation, the strength of coupling between the field and disk using Ohmic, Hall and Ambipolar diffusevities for both an MRI and vertical field, and the strength of gravitational instability. We find that the standard constant-$\alpha$ disk is only coupled to the field by thermal ionisation within $30\,R_J$ with strong magnetic diffusivity prohibiting accretion through the bulk of the midplane. In light of the failure of the constant-$\alpha$ disk to produce accretion consistent with its viscosity we drop the assumption of constant-$\alpha$ and present an alternate model in which $\alpha$ varies radially according to the level magnetic turbulence or gravitoturbulence. We find that a vertical field may drive accretion across the entire disk, whereas MRI can drive accretion out to $\sim200\,R_J$, beyond which Toomre's $Q=1$ and gravitoturbulence dominates. The disks are relatively hot ($T\gtrsim800\,$K), and consequently massive ($M_{\text{disk}}\sim0.5\,M_J$).Comment: 19 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables; accepted for publication by MNRA

Biosecurity Economics: Conflicting results in evaluation criteria

Determining the optimal policy response to a species invasion is a multidimensional problem. The choice between eradication or containment has social, environmental, political and economic dimensions. Often, economic evaluation is used as a basis to underpin policy decisions. However, under certain conditions economic evaluation criteria may provide conflicting results. Deterministic factors, such as rate of spread, degree of damage and the time until detection, are derived for identifying when caution must be taken with the results of economic evaluation criteria. The conditions under which conflicting results may be obtained between NPV and BCR are identified and linked to policy implications.Biosecurity economics, eradication, containment, invasive species,

Magnetic fields in gaps surrounding giant protoplanets

Giant protoplanets evacuate a gap in their host protoplanetary disc, which gas must cross before it can be accreted. A magnetic field is likely carried into the gap, potentially influencing the flow. Gap crossing has been simulated with varying degrees of attention to field evolution (pure hydrodynamical, ideal, and resistive MHD), but as yet there has been no detailed assessment of the role of the field accounting for all three key non-ideal MHD effects: Ohmic resistivity, ambipolar diffusion, and Hall drift. We present a detailed investigation of gap magnetic field structure as determined by non-ideal effects. We assess susceptibility to turbulence induced by the magnetorotational instability, and angular momentum loss from large-scale fields. As full non-ideal simulations are computationally expensive, we take an a posteriori approach, estimating MHD quantities from the pure hydrodynamical gap crossing simulation by Tanigawa et al. (2012). We calculate the ionisation fraction and estimate field strength and geometry to determine the strength of non-ideal effects. We find that the protoplanetary disc field would be easily drawn into the gap and circumplanetary disc. Hall drift dominates, so that much of the gap is conditionally MRI unstable depending on the alignment of the field and disc rotation axes. Field alignment also influences the strong toroidal field component permeating the gap. Large-scale magnetic forces are small in the circumplanetary disc, indicating they cannot drive accretion there. However, turbulence will be key during satellite growth as it affects critical disc features, such as the location of the ice line.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication by MNRA