Multiple-orifice throttle valve

Multiple-orifice throttle valve is not subject to cold welding in a vacuum environment and is compatible with strong oxidizing fluid. The valve is of all metal construction using simple components that do not slide or rotate and excludes static or dynamic seals

Multiple orifice throttle valve Patent

Throttle valve for regulating fluid flow volum

Affine semigroups having a unique Betti element

We characterize affine semigroups having one Betti element and we compute some relevant non-unique factorization invariants for these semigroups. As an example, we particularize our description to numerical semigroups.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure. To appear in Journal of Algebra and its Application

The Pioneer anomaly: the measure of a topological phase defect of light in cosmology

It is shown that a wave vector representing a light pulse in an adiabatically evolving expanding space should develop, after a round trip (back and forth to the emitter) a geometric phase for helicity states at a given fixed position coordinate of this expanding space.In a section of the Hopf fibration of the Poincare sphere that identifies a projection to the physically allowed states, the evolution defines a parallel transported state that can be joined continuously with the initial state by means of the associated Berry-Pancharatnam connection. The connection allows to compute an anomaly in the frequency for the vector modes in terms of the scale factor of the space-time background being identical to the reported Pioneer Anomaly.Comment: 10 pages, some minor notation changes have been made. Some additional remarks were writte