Pemanfaatan Salvinia molesta, Marsilea crenata dan Azolla pinnata Sebagai Agent Fitoremediasi Insektisida Diazinon

Bioremidiasi dapat mengunakan tumbuhan dalam penuruanan polutan yang ada dilingkunganm. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui potensi tumbuhan Salvinia molesta, Marsilea crenata dan Azolla pinnata sebagai agent fitoremidiasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Juni 2022 di Laboratorium Terpadu, Universitas Islam Malang, dengan mengunakan tanaman semanggi (Marsilea crenata), azolla (Azolla pinnata) dan apu-apu (Salvinia molesta). Pestisida yang digunakan adalah Diazinon 600 EC, dengan rancangan acak lengkap dengan ulangan sebanyak tiga kali dengan dua konsentrasi berbeda. Parameter yang diamati adalah pH, TDS dan EC. Hasil analisis tiga jenis tanaman dan beda konsentrasi dengan mencari Mean dan Standart Devisiasi diperoleh hasil pengukuran pH dengan beda konsentrasi yaitu pada tanaman Ap/Azollaprinata (K1: 6,92 ± 0.20 dan K2: 6,83 ± 0.13), tanaman Mc/Marsileacrenata (K1: 6,84 ± 0.19 dan K2: 6,87 ± 0.18) dan tanaman P/Salviniamolesta (K1: 6,78 ± 01,4 dan K2: 6,90 ± 0.18). sehingga menunjukkan semakin tinggi konsentrasi larutan, maka akan semakin cepat terjadinya layu pada ketiga jenis tanaman

Predicting Age from White Matter Diffusivity with Residual Learning

Imaging findings inconsistent with those expected at specific chronological age ranges may serve as early indicators of neurological disorders and increased mortality risk. Estimation of chronological age, and deviations from expected results, from structural MRI data has become an important task for developing biomarkers that are sensitive to such deviations. Complementary to structural analysis, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has proven effective in identifying age-related microstructural changes within the brain white matter, thereby presenting itself as a promising additional modality for brain age prediction. Although early studies have sought to harness DTI's advantages for age estimation, there is no evidence that the success of this prediction is owed to the unique microstructural and diffusivity features that DTI provides, rather than the macrostructural features that are also available in DTI data. Therefore, we seek to develop white-matter-specific age estimation to capture deviations from normal white matter aging. Specifically, we deliberately disregard the macrostructural information when predicting age from DTI scalar images, using two distinct methods. The first method relies on extracting only microstructural features from regions of interest. The second applies 3D residual neural networks (ResNets) to learn features directly from the images, which are non-linearly registered and warped to a template to minimize macrostructural variations. When tested on unseen data, the first method yields mean absolute error (MAE) of 6.11 years for cognitively normal participants and MAE of 6.62 years for cognitively impaired participants, while the second method achieves MAE of 4.69 years for cognitively normal participants and MAE of 4.96 years for cognitively impaired participants. We find that the ResNet model captures subtler, non-macrostructural features for brain age prediction.Comment: SPIE Medical Imaging: Image Processing. San Diego, CA. February 2024 (accepted as poster presentation

Evaluation of Mean Shift, ComBat, and CycleGAN for Harmonizing Brain Connectivity Matrices Across Sites

Connectivity matrices derived from diffusion MRI (dMRI) provide an interpretable and generalizable way of understanding the human brain connectome. However, dMRI suffers from inter-site and between-scanner variation, which impedes analysis across datasets to improve robustness and reproducibility of results. To evaluate different harmonization approaches on connectivity matrices, we compared graph measures derived from these matrices before and after applying three harmonization techniques: mean shift, ComBat, and CycleGAN. The sample comprises 168 age-matched, sex-matched normal subjects from two studies: the Vanderbilt Memory and Aging Project (VMAP) and the Biomarkers of Cognitive Decline Among Normal Individuals (BIOCARD). First, we plotted the graph measures and used coefficient of variation (CoV) and the Mann-Whitney U test to evaluate different methods' effectiveness in removing site effects on the matrices and the derived graph measures. ComBat effectively eliminated site effects for global efficiency and modularity and outperformed the other two methods. However, all methods exhibited poor performance when harmonizing average betweenness centrality. Second, we tested whether our harmonization methods preserved correlations between age and graph measures. All methods except for CycleGAN in one direction improved correlations between age and global efficiency and between age and modularity from insignificant to significant with p-values less than 0.05.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, to be published in SPIE Medical Imaging 2024: Image Processin

Thresholds for adding degraded tropical forest to the conservation estate

Logged and disturbed forests are often viewed as degraded and depauperate environments compared with primary forest. However, they are dynamic ecosystems1 that provide refugia for large amounts of biodiversity2,3, so we cannot afford to underestimate their conservation value4. Here we present empirically defined thresholds for categorizing the conservation value of logged forests, using one of the most comprehensive assessments of taxon responses to habitat degradation in any tropical forest environment. We analysed the impact of logging intensity on the individual occurrence patterns of 1,681 taxa belonging to 86 taxonomic orders and 126 functional groups in Sabah, Malaysia. Our results demonstrate the existence of two conservation-relevant thresholds. First, lightly logged forests (68%) of their biomass removed, and these are likely to require more expensive measures to recover their biodiversity value. Overall, our data confirm that primary forests are irreplaceable5, but they also reinforce the message that logged forests retain considerable conservation value that should not be overlooked

The nature of the ghost cavity in the NGC 741 group

‘The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com.’ Copyright Blackwell PulishingPeer reviewe