Simulation of optically conditioned retention and mass occurrences of Periphylla periphylla

Jellyfish blooms are of increasing concern in many parts of the world, and in Norwegian fjords an apparent increase in mass occurrences of the deep water jellyfish Periphylla periphylla has attracted attention. Here we investigate the hypothesis that changes in the water column light attenuation might cause local retention and thereby facilitate mass occurrences. We use a previously tested individual-based model of light-mediated vertical migration in P. periphylla to simulate how retention is affected by changes in light attenuation. Our results suggest that light attenuation, in combination with advection, has a two-sided effect on retention and that three fjord categories can be defined. In category 1, increased light attenuation turns fjords into dark “deep-sea” environments which increase the habitat and retention of P. periphylla. In category 2, an optimal light attenuation facilitates the maximum retention and likelihood for mass occurrences. In category 3, further increase in light attenuation, however, shoals the habitat so that individuals are increasingly exposed to advection and this results in loss of individuals and decreased retention. This classification requires accurate determinations of the organism's light preference, the water column light attenuation and topographical characteristics affecting advection

A regular Hamiltonian halting ratchet for matter wave transport

We report on the design of a Hamiltonian ratchet exploiting periodically at rest integrable trajectories in the phase space of a modulated periodic potential, leading to the linear non-diffusive transport of particles. Using Bose-Einstein condensates in a modulated one-dimensional optical lattice, we make the first observations of this new spatial ratchet transport. In the semiclassical regime, the quantum transport strongly depends on the effective Planck constant due to Floquet state mixing. We also demonstrate the interest of quantum optimal control for efficient initial state preparation into the transporting Floquet states to enhance the transport periodicity.Comment: 5 pages + supplementary materia

Observing the spin of a free electron

Long ago, Bohr, Pauli, and Mott argued that it is not, in principle, possible to measure the spin components of a free electron. One can try to use a Stern-Gerlach type of device, but the finite size of the beam results in an uncertainty of the splitting force that is comparable with the gradient force. The result is that no definite spin measurement can be made. Recently there has been a revival of interest in this problem, and we will present our own analysis and quantum-mechanical wave-packet calculations which suggest that a spin measurement is possible for a careful choice of initial conditions

Monitoramento de um Argissolo Vermelho sob produção de eucalipto de treze e vinte anos.

bitstream/item/30417/1/boletim-71.pd

Diagnóstico preliminar de solos existentes na microbacia hidrográfica São Domingos, região da encosta do sudeste do RS.

bitstream/item/30585/1/boletim-115.pd

Coherent Control of Photocurrents in Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes

Coherent one photon ($2 \omega$) and two photon ($\omega$) electronic excitations are studied for graphene sheets and for carbon nanotubes using a long wavelength theory for the low energy electronic states. For graphene sheets we find that coherent superposition of these excitations produces a polar asymmetry in the momentum space distribution of the excited carriers with an angular dependence which depends on the relative polarization and phases of the incident fields. For semiconducting nanotubes we find a similar effect which depends on the square of the semiconducting gap, and we calculate its frequency dependence. We find that the third order nonlinearity which controls the direction of the photocurrent is robust for semiconducting t ubes and vanishes in the continuum theory for conducting tubes. We calculate corrections to these results arising from higher order crystal field effects on the band structure and briefly discuss some applications of the theory.Comment: 12 pages in RevTex, 6 epsf figure

Charge transfer electrostatic model of compositional order in perovskite alloys

We introduce an electrostatic model including charge transfer, which is shown to account for the observed B-site ordering in Pb-based perovskite alloys. The model allows charge transfer between A-sites and is a generalization of Bellaiche and Vanderbilt's purely electrostatic model. The large covalency of Pb^{2+} compared to Ba^{2+} is modeled by an environment dependent effective A-site charge. Monte Carlo simulations of this model successfully reproduce the long range compositional order of both Pb-based and Ba-based complex A(BB^{'}B^{''})O_3 perovskite alloys. The models are also extended to study systems with A-site and B-site doping, such as (Na_{1/2}La_{1/2})(Mg_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3, (Ba_{1-x}La_{x})(Mg_{(1+x)/3}Nb_{(2-x)/3})O_3 and (Pb_{1-x}La_{x})(Mg_{(1+x)/3}Ta_{(2-x)/3})O_3. General trends are reproduced by purely electrostatic interactions, and charge transfer effects indicate that local structural relaxations can tip the balance between different B-site orderings in Pb based materials.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figure

Tunable Pinning of Burst-Waves in Extended Systems with Discrete Sources

We study the dynamics of waves in a system of diffusively coupled discrete nonlinear sources. We show that the system exhibits burst waves which are periodic in a traveling-wave reference frame. We demonstrate that the burst waves are pinned if the diffusive coupling is below a critical value. When the coupling crosses the critical value the system undergoes a depinning instability via a saddle-node bifurcation, and the wave begins to move. We obtain the universal scaling for the mean wave velocity just above threshold.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, revte

Tunable Nb superconducting resonators based upon a Ne-FIB-fabricated constriction nanoSQUID

Hybrid superconducting--spin systems offer the potential to combine highly coherent atomic quantum systems with the scalability of superconducting circuits. To fully exploit this potential requires a high quality-factor microwave resonator, tunable in frequency and able to operate at magnetic fields optimal for the spin system. Such magnetic fields typically rule out conventional Al-based Josephson junction devices that have previously been used for tunable high-$Q$ microwave resonators. The larger critical field of niobium (Nb) allows microwave resonators with large field resilience to be fabricated. Here, we demonstrate how constriction-type weak links, patterned in parallel into the central conductor of a Nb coplanar resonator using a neon focused ion beam (FIB), can be used to implement a frequency-tunable resonator. We study transmission through two such devices and show how they realise high quality factor, tunable, field resilient devices which hold promise for future applications coupling to spin systems