Efficacy EMS and DES on Mutagenesis and seedling characters of Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.

This study was performed by exposing the seeds of Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.) Var CO -13 to Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) and Diethyl sulphate (DES). The observations were made on seed germination and survivability in M1 generation. The study revealed that germination percentage and survivability were decreased by increasing concentration of the mutagens when compared to the control. The LD50 value was found in 30mM of EMS and 40mM of DES. So it was found that both mutagens at lower treatments have influenced less biological damage and could be suitable for inducing desirable mutations in Finger millet

EFFECT OF MUTAGENS ON QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS IN M3 GENERATION OF PEARL MILLET (PENNISETUM TYPHOIDES (BURN.F) STAPF. AND C.E. HUBB.)

A study was conducted to estimate the effects of gamma rays and ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) on mutagenesis of Pearl millet. Gamma rays (10, 20 and 30kR) and EMS (20, 30 and 40mM) treatments were done to find out different quantitative traits viz., Days to first bloom, Plant height, Number of leaves, Number of nodes, Length of earhead, Breadth of earhead, 1000 grains weight, Yield per plant, Chlorophyll and carbohydrate content. These parameters were better in 20kR of gamma rays and 30mM of EMS when compared with the control and other doses/concentrations and higher doses decreased the parameters

Chlorophyll and morphological mutants of black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) derived by gamma rays and EMS

Micro and macro-mutants play an important role to assess the dose/concentration of mutagens. In the present investigation, some of the chlorophyll mutants were observed in the different dose/concentrations of gamma rays they were chlorina albino, xantha, and viridis. Among the mutagens, Morphological mutants were observed in M2 generation with effect of dose/concentration of mutagens and such mutants were,  dwarf, tall, tiny leaves, hairy leaves, male sterility, brown seed, early, maturing, long pod, bottom branching, top branching, bushy type, trailing and spreading habit mutants were observed in M2 generation. Mutant and its derivatives when used in cross breeding have found to be more productive in the development of improved varieties of black gram. EMS provided more number of chlorophyll and morphological mutants followed by gamma rays in this investigation

Induced mutagenesis in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum (L.) with special reference to the frequency and spectrum of chlorophyll mutations

A relative study of frequency and spectrum of chlorophyll mutations induced by mutagens in M2 generation was made with chickpea (Cicer arietinum (L). Variety ‘CO-4’. The treatments include different doses/concentrations of Gamma rays (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60kR) and Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mM). From the study, the overall frequencies and spectrum of five types of induced chlorophyll mutants Viridis (0.55), Xantha (0.46), Chlorina (0.45), Albina (0.43) and Tigrina (0.35) were observed. The frequency of chlorophyll mutation was increased with increasing concentrations up to a level, beyond it declined in both the mutagens. And the chlorophyll frequency was found in the order of viridis > xantha >chlorina> Albina >tigrina. The chemical mutagen, EMS was found to be more effective in inducing chlorophyll mutations than gamma rays in Chick pea

Influence of physical and chemical mutagens on quantitative characters of Vigna mungo (L. Hepper)

Seeds of Urdbean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) Variety Vamban1 was mutagenised with physical and chemical mutagens namely, gamma rays, EMS and dES. In the M1 generation germination percentage, plant growth and yield parameters were adversely affected in the mutagenic treatments and the effects were more pronounced in higher doses indicating almost a linear relationship. The LD50 value was observed in 15 mM of EMS and 25 mM of dES and 60 kR of gamma rays. The increasing dose / concentrations of gamma rays, EMS and dES decreased in phenotypic and yield characters. The decrease quantitative and yield characters have been attributed to the physiological disturbance or chromosomal damage caused to the cells of the plant by the mutagen.ÂÂ

Changes on quantitative traits of black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) induced by EMS in M2 generation

The systematic collection of black gram is displayed inadequate variability for biotic and abiotic desirable genes. It is possible that genes for high productivity could have been lost due to overriding role of natural selection and genetic base of the present day collection remains poor due to lack of genetic variability owing to their autogamous nature. Mutagenesis has been widely used as a potent method of enhancing variability for crop improvement. In the present investigation, the genetic variability was induced to improve quantitative traits of black gram in M2 generation induced by EMS. The results showed that a significant enhancement in quantitative mean performance archived at 0.1% EMS concentration.ÂÂ

Studies on effect of induced mutagenesis on Finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) Var- CO 13 in M1 generation

The present study was carried out to induce chemical mutagens in Finger millet (Eleusinecoracana(L.) Gaertn.). The seed were subjected to different treatment level of EMS and DES. The parameters like Plant height(cm), Number of leaves per plant, Leaf length (cm/plant), Number of  finger per plant, Finger length (cm/plant), Days to first bloom, Yield per plant (g) and 1000 grains weight (g)were observed in M1generation. And the result revealed that, all the parameters except days to first blooming show a dose dependent decrease in both treatments. The LD-50 value was found in 30mM of EMS and 40mM of DES

Screening of Mutants in Black Gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) With Effect of DES and COH in M2 Generation

Cultivars developed using induced mutants may carry improvements in a wide variety of characteristics. Induced mutant cultivars also have proved to be outstanding parents for further cultivar development. The efficiency of induced mutations in increasing genetic variability has been demonstrated in several crops and a number of varieties have been evolved. In the present investigation, chlorophyll mutants chlorino, albino, xantha, variegata and viridis and morphological mutants such as, dwarf, tall, onostem, tiny leaves, hairy leaves, male sterility, brown seed, early maturity, long pod, bottom branching, top branching, trailing, spreading, and bushy type in M2 generation from both Diethyl sulphate (DES) and Colchicine (COH) treated populations. Mutants and mutant derivatives when used in cross breeding were found to be more productive in the development of improved varieties of black gram. Moreover, induced mutations have recently become the subject of molecular investigations leading to descriptions of the structure and function of related genes. Mutated genes have therefore; become valuable material to plant breeders and molecular biologists for understanding not only the function but also in isolating and shuffling the genes between varieties

Induced mutagenesis in Cicer arietinum by the application of EMS and Gamma rays with special reference to the cytological studies

The present study was conducted to analyze the chemical and physical mutagenesis on Cicer arietinum with special reference to cytological studies. In this regard, CO – 4 variety of chick pea was subjected to different concentration of gamma rays (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60kR) and EMS (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50mM) for inducing mutation. The M1 plants exposed to mutagen produces a clear cut difference from the untreated control. The root mitotic studies reveal a wide range of chromosomal aberrations such as stickiness, laggards, bridges and some other precocious movement. The percentage of abnormal cell increased with dosage in both mutagens; and 50mM EMS showed more chromosomal aberrations when compared to gamma rays

Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance of quantitative traits in black gram by effects of mutation in field trail

Genetic variation has led to an increase in the quantitative traits of crops. The variability on genome is induced by mutation, which enhances the productivity. We evaluated variability on quantitative characters such as, plant height, number of branches/plant, number of leaves/plant, number of fruit clusters/plant, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, yield/plant and 100 seed weight of black gram in M2 generation by the effect of mutation by gamma rays. The results were shown high genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance with significant enhancement (P 0.05 and P 0.01) in growth and yield traits. Hence selection is effective for these traits could be possible through gamma rays. The speculation of effects of gamma rays on genome is that irradiation, induced addition, deletion in DNA pairs and also attributed large chromosomal  rearrangement. The result were shown significant enhancement in yield and related traits. It indicates that improvement in quantitative traits would be possible through gamma rays