Discretionary Gatekeeping: The US Supreme Court\u27s Management of Its Original Jurisdiction Docket Since 1961

There is a special drama when a state sues another state invoking the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of the United States. In the international arena, similar disputes between sovereign states would be settled through diplomatic negotiations or armed conflict, and the stakes in the Supreme Court trial are often as high as in international disputes. The same special drama attends a trial in the Supreme Court with the United States opposing one or more of the fifty States. In drafting Article III of the Constitution the Founders treated the states as quasi-sovereigns and, to match the dignity of the tribunal to the dignity of the parties, gave the Supreme Court original jurisdiction over any case “in which a State shall be Party.” That special status went to only one other category—namely, cases “affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers, and Consuls.” In fact, in two hundred years, the Supreme Court has decided only two cases on the merits under the foreign envoy branch of its original jurisdiction. During the most recent three decades that this paper studies, all five attempts to bring a suit under that branch of original jurisdiction have been summarily rejected by the Court. The absence of foreign envoy cases undoubtedly flows from the combined circumstances of more easily available forums in the federal district and state courts and the United States\u27 liberality in granting diplomatic immunity by executive action. Therefore, for all practical purposes, the only cases in which the Supreme Court exercises its trial court jurisdiction are ones (in the language of Article III) “in which a State shall be Party.” This paper will concentrate its attention on state-party suits in the Supreme Court as a court of first and last instance

Edward Settle Godfrey III Associate Justice, Maine Supreme Judicial Court August 18, 1976 - September 1, 1983

At the end of 1994 Dean Edward S. Godfrey III stepped down from his teaching position as Professor Emeritus of the University of Maine School of Law. In honor of his service to Maine’s only law school, to the Maine Supreme Judicial Court, to the Maine Bar, and to the people of the State of Maine, the Board and Staff dedicate Volume 47 of the Maine Law Review to Dean Edward Godfrey. Reviews by Maine Law School faculty members of Dean Godfrey’s Law Court decisions in several areas of the law follow

The Northeastern Boundary Disputes

Exact date of publication unknown - likely between 1960 and 1967https://digitalmaine.com/books/1137/thumbnail.jp

Aortic root replacement Risk factor analysis of a seventeen-year experience with 270 patients

AbstractBetween September 1976 and September 1993, 270 patients underwent aortic root replacement at our institution. Two hundred fifty-two patients underwent a Bentall composite graft repair and 18 patients received a cryopreserved homograft aortic root. One hundred eighty-seven patients had a Marfan aneurysm of the ascending aorta (41 with dissection) and 53 patients had an aneurysm resulting from nonspecific medial degeneration (17 with dissection). These 240 patients were considered to have annuloaortic ectasia. Thirty patients were operated on for miscellaneous lesions of the aortic root. Thirty-day mortality for the overall series of 270 patients was 4.8% (13/270). There was no 30-day mortality among 182 patients undergoing elective root replacement for annuloaortic ectasia without dissection. Thirty-six of the 270 patients having root replacement also had mitral valve operations. There was no hospital mortality for aortic root replacement in these 36 patients, but there were seven late deaths. Twenty-two replacements and four were repeat root replacements for late endocarditis. One early death and two late deaths occurred in this group. Actuarial survival for the overall group of 270 patients was 73% at 10 years. In a multivariate analysis, only poor New Year Heart Association class (III and IV), non-Marfan status, preoperative dissection, and male gender emerged as significant predictors of early or late death. Endocarditis was the most common late complication (14 of 256 hospital survivors) and was optimally treated by root replacement with a cryopreserved aortic homograft. Late problems with the part of the aorta not operated on occur with moderate frequency; careful follow-up of the distal aorta is critical to long-term survival. (J THORAC CARDIOVASC SURG 1995; 109: 536-45

Heterogeneous network embedding enabling accurate disease association predictions.

BackgroundIt is significant to identificate complex biological mechanisms of various diseases in biomedical research. Recently, the growing generation of tremendous amount of data in genomics, epigenomics, metagenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, nutriomics, etc., has resulted in the rise of systematic biological means of exploring complex diseases. However, the disparity between the production of the multiple data and our capability of analyzing data has been broaden gradually. Furthermore, we observe that networks can represent many of the above-mentioned data, and founded on the vector representations learned by network embedding methods, entities which are in close proximity but at present do not actually possess direct links are very likely to be related, therefore they are promising candidate subjects for biological investigation.ResultsWe incorporate six public biological databases to construct a heterogeneous biological network containing three categories of entities (i.e., genes, diseases, miRNAs) and multiple types of edges (i.e., the known relationships). To tackle the inherent heterogeneity, we develop a heterogeneous network embedding model for mapping the network into a low dimensional vector space in which the relationships between entities are preserved well. And in order to assess the effectiveness of our method, we conduct gene-disease as well as miRNA-disease associations predictions, results of which show the superiority of our novel method over several state-of-the-arts. Furthermore, many associations predicted by our method are verified in the latest real-world dataset.ConclusionsWe propose a novel heterogeneous network embedding method which can adequately take advantage of the abundant contextual information and structures of heterogeneous network. Moreover, we illustrate the performance of the proposed method on directing studies in biology, which can assist in identifying new hypotheses in biological investigation

Clinical Rounds With Nutrition Support Services

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68406/2/10.1177_011542659400900273.pd

Molecular and clinical analysis of Ellis-van Creveld syndrome in the United Arab Emirates

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Ellis-van Creveld (EvC) syndrome is an autosomal recessive chondrodysplastic condition with clinical manifestations that include short-limbs and ribs, postaxial polydactyly and dysplastic nails and teeth. In about two thirds of patients, mutations in either <it>EVC </it>or <it>EVC2 </it>genes have been found to be the underlying cause.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In this paper, we describe the molecular (DNA sequencing) and clinical analysis of six children diagnosed with EvC from four different families from the United Arab Emirates (UAE).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>All the children had the common clinical and radiological features of this syndrome. However, DNA sequence analysis of the genes shown to be involved (<it>EVC </it>and <it>EVC2</it>) revealed a novel splice site mutation (c.2047-1G>T) in intron 13 of <it>EVC2 </it>gene in one family. In addition, we confirm previous mutational analyses that showed a truncating mutation in exon 13 of <it>EVC </it>gene (c.1813C>T; p.Q605X) in the second family and a single nucleotide deletion (c.981delG; p.K327<it>fs</it>) in exon 8 of <it>EVC2 </it>gene in the third family. No mutations in the exons, splice sites or the promoter regions of either gene have been found in the index case of the fourth family who exhibited "EvC-like" features.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Given the small population size of UAE, our data illustrates further the molecular heterogeneity observed in EvC patients and excludes the possibility of a common founder effect for this condition in the UAE reflecting the current ethnic diversity of the country.</p