5,612 research outputs found
Empirical study on clique-degree distribution of networks
The community structure and motif-modular-network hierarchy are of great
importance for understanding the relationship between structures and functions.
In this paper, we investigate the distribution of clique-degree, which is an
extension of degree and can be used to measure the density of cliques in
networks. The empirical studies indicate the extensive existence of power-law
clique-degree distributions in various real networks, and the power-law
exponent decreases with the increasing of clique size.Comment: 9 figures, 4 page
Direct CP violation for decay in QCD factorization
In the framework of QCD factorization, based on the first order of isospin
violation, we study direct CP violation in the decay of including the effect of
mixing. We find that the CP violating asymmetry is large via
mixing mechanism when the invariant mass of the
pair is in the vicinity of the resonance. For the decay of
, the maximum
CP violating asymmetries can reach about 46%. We also discuss the possibility
to observe the predicted CP violating asymmetries at the LHC
Actin Filaments Target the Oligomeric Maturation of the Dynamin Gtpase Drp1 to Mitochondrial Fission Sites
While the dynamin GTPase Drp1 plays a critical role during mitochondrial fission, mechanisms controlling its recruitment to fission sites are unclear. A current assumption is that cytosolic Drp1 is recruited directly to fission sites immediately prior to fission. Using live-cell microscopy, we find evidence for a different model, progressive maturation of Drp1 oligomers on mitochondria through incorporation of smaller mitochondrially-bound Drp1 units. Maturation of a stable Drp1 oligomer does not forcibly lead to fission. Drp1 oligomers also translocate directionally along mitochondria. Ionomycin, a calcium ionophore, causes rapid mitochondrial accumulation of actin filaments followed by Drp1 accumulation at the fission site, and increases fission rate. Inhibiting actin polymerization, myosin IIA, or the formin INF2 reduces both un-stimulated and ionomycin-induced Drp1 accumulation and mitochondrial fission. Actin filaments bind purified Drp1 and increase GTPase activity in a manner that is synergistic with the mitochondrial protein Mff, suggesting a role for direct Drp1/actin interaction. We propose that Drp1 is in dynamic equilibrium on mitochondria in a fission-independent manner, and that fission factors such as actin filaments target productive oligomerization to fission sites
Dye-sensitized solar cell with a pairof carbon-based electrodes
Cataloged from PDF version of article.We have fabricated a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) with a pair of carbon-based electrodes using a transparent, conductive carbon nanotubes (CNTs) film modified with ultra-thin titanium-sub-oxide (TiOx) as the working electrode and a bilayer of conductive CNTs and carbon black as the counter electrode. Without TiOx modification, the DSSC is almost nonfunctional whereas the power conversion efficiency (PCE) increases significantly when the working electrode is modified with TiOx. The performance of the cell could be further improved when the carbon black film was added on the counter electrode. The improved efficiency can be attributed to the inhibition of the mass recombination at the working electrode/electrolyte interface by TiOx and the acceleration of the electron transfer kinetics at the counter electrode by carbon black. The DSSC with a pair of carbon-based electrodes gives the PCE of 1.37%
Bridgeness: A Local Index on Edge Significance in Maintaining Global Connectivity
Edges in a network can be divided into two kinds according to their different
roles: some enhance the locality like the ones inside a cluster while others
contribute to the global connectivity like the ones connecting two clusters. A
recent study by Onnela et al uncovered the weak ties effects in mobile
communication. In this article, we provide complementary results on document
networks, that is, the edges connecting less similar nodes in content are more
significant in maintaining the global connectivity. We propose an index named
bridgeness to quantify the edge significance in maintaining connectivity, which
only depends on local information of network topology. We compare the
bridgeness with content similarity and some other structural indices according
to an edge percolation process. Experimental results on document networks show
that the bridgeness outperforms content similarity in characterizing the edge
significance. Furthermore, extensive numerical results on disparate networks
indicate that the bridgeness is also better than some well-known indices on
edge significance, including the Jaccard coefficient, degree product and
betweenness centrality.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl
Drinfel'd Realization of Quantum Affine Superalgebra
We obtain Drinfel'd's realization of quantum affine superalgebra
based on the super version of RS construction method and
Gauss decomposition
Orbital-angular-momentum dependent speckles for spatial mode sorting and multiplexed data transmission
Characterizing the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of a vortex beam is
critically important for OAM-encoded data transfer. However, in typical
OAM-based applications where vortex beams transmit through diffusers, the
accompanying scattering effect tends to be either deliberately prevented, or
characterized and then modulated actively based on complex wavefront shaping
and interferometry techniques. Here, we aim to investigate the characteristics
of blurred speckles obtained after a vortex beam transmits through a ground
glass diffuser. It is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that a
cross-correlation annulus can be identified by implementing the
cross-correlation operation between speckle patterns corresponding to vortex
beams with different OAM values. Besides, it is worth noting that, the size of
the cross-correlation annulus is determined by the absolute value of the
topological charge difference between the two corresponding vortex beams. Based
on this mechanism, the OAM modes can be easily sorted from the incoherently
measured OAM-dependent speckles as well as their cross-correlation.
Furthermore, to make full use of the orthogonal feature of the OAM-dependent
speckles, demultiplexing of OAM-encoded data transfer is verified using a
ground glass diffuser. Both 8-bit grayscale and 24-bit RGB OAM-encoded data
transfers are carried out in experiments with superior error rates. We can
conclude that the OAM-dependent speckles can be not only utilized as a
competitive candidate for the OAM mode sorting function in a simple way but
also provide an efficient method for the demultiplexing of OAM-encoded data
transfer in a practical application
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