Etiopathogenesis of abomasal displacement in cattle

Abomasal displacement presents topographic gastropathy, where this organ has changed its position, and there is simultaneous dilatation which can vary in intensity. The incidence of this disorder in herds of high-yield dairy cows varies to a great degree (1 to 18 %). Abomasal displacement was established in herds of East-Frisian cows in 1 to 3% animals, and in Holstein cow herds in 5 to 18 % animals. The most frequent abomasal displacement is to the left (88%). There is significant seasonal variation in the incidence of abomasal displacement. About two-thirds of cases of abomasal displacement are diagnosed from October until April. The disorder appears more frequently in cows with repeated lactations. It has been established that it appears after the first calving in 27.8% cases, after the second to fifth calving in 66.7% cases, and after the sixth and seventh calving in 5.5% of the cows. The response of endocrine pancreas B-cells for insulin secretion to hyperglycaemia caused by applying an excess-glucose test is reduced in cows with left abomasal displacement, and there is constant hyperglycaemia in cows with right abomasal displacement. The excess-glucose test indicates a disrupted function of the endocrine pancreas in diseased animals. It has been determined through examinations of Aml genotypes in Holstein cow herds in connection with the appearance of abomasal displacement, that the occurrence of this disorder cannot be attributed to a genetic predisposition

Etiopatogeneza promene položaja sirišta goveda

Abomasal displacement presents topographic gastropathy, where this organ has changed its position, and there is simultaneous dilatation which can vary in intensity. The incidence of this disorder in herds of high-yield dairy cows varies to a great degree (1 to 18 %). Abomasal displacement was established in herds of East-Frisian cows in 1 to 3% animals, and in Holstein cow herds in 5 to 18 % animals. The most frequent abomasal displacement is to the left (88%). There is significant seasonal variation in the incidence of abomasal displacement. About two-thirds of cases of abomasal displacement are diagnosed from October until April. The disorder appears more frequently in cows with repeated lactations. It has been established that it appears after the first calving in 27.8% cases, after the second to fifth calving in 66.7% cases, and after the sixth and seventh calving in 5.5% of the cows. The response of endocrine pancreas B-cells for insulin secretion to hyperglycaemia caused by applying an excess-glucose test is reduced in cows with left abomasal displacement, and there is constant hyperglycaemia in cows with right abomasal displacement. The excess-glucose test indicates a disrupted function of the endocrine pancreas in diseased animals. It has been determined through examinations of Aml genotypes in Holstein cow herds in connection with the appearance of abomasal displacement, that the occurrence of this disorder cannot be attributed to a genetic predisposition.Dislokacija sirišta predstavlja topografsku gastropatiju, pri kojoj postoji promena položaja ovog organa, a istovremeno i dilatacija koja može da ima različit intenzitet. U zapatima visoko-mlečnih krava pojavljivanje bolesti varira u širokom rasponu (od 1 do 18 %). U zapatima krava istočno-frizijske rase dislokacija sirišta je dijagnostikovana u 1 do 3 posto životinja, a u zapatima krava holštajn rase ustanovljena je kod 5 do 18 posto životinja. NajčešćI oblik dislokacije sirišta je promena položaja na levu stranu (88 %). Postoji značajno sezonsko variranje u pogledu pojavljivanja dislokacije sirišta. Oko dve trećine slučajeva dislokacije sirišta dijagnostikuje se od oktobra do aprila. Bolest se češće javlja kod krava sa više laktacija. Tako je utvrđeno da se kod prvotelkinja pojavljuje kod 27,8 posto, od drugog do petog teljenja kod 66,7 posto, a posle šestog odnosno sedmog teljenja kod 5,5 posto krava. Odgovor ćelija endokrinog pankreasa za lučenje insulina na nastalu hiperglikemiju, pri primeni probe opterećenja glikozom, smanjen je kod krava kod kojih postoji promena položaja sirišta na levo, a kod promena položaja sirišta na desno postoji stalna hiperglikemija. Primenjena proba opterećenja glikozom ukazuje na poremećaj funkcije endokrinog pankreasa kod obolelih životinja. Ispitivanjem AmI genotipova u zapatu krava holštajn rase u odnosu na pojavljivanje dislokacije sirišta utvrđeno je da nastanak ove bolesti ne može da se pripiše genetskoj predispoziciji

Radionuclides in the soil around the largest coal-fired power plant in Serbia: radiological hazard, relationship with soil characteristics and spatial distribution

Primordial radionuclides, U-238, Th-232 and K-40 were determined in soil samples collected at two depths (0-10 and 10-20 cm) in the vicinity of the largest coal-fired power plant in Serbia, and their spatial distribution was analysed using ordinary kriging. Mean values of activity concentrations for these depths were 50.7 Bq kg(-1) for U-238, 48.7 Bq kg(-1) for Th-232 and 560 Bq kg(-1) for K-40. Based on the measured activity concentrations, the radiological hazard due to naturally occurring radionuclides in soil was assessed. The value of the mean total absorbed dose rate was 76.3 nGy h(-1), which is higher than the world average. The annual effective dose due to these radionuclides ranged from 51.4 to 114.2 mu Sv. Applying cluster analysis, correlations between radionuclides and soil properties were determined. The distribution pattern of natural radionuclides in the environment surrounding the coal-fired power plant and their enrichment in soil at some sampling sites were in accordance with dispersion models of fly ash emissions. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that operation of the coal-fired power plant has no significant negative impact on the surrounding environment with regard to the content of natural radionuclides