Charm-Quark Production in Deep-Inelastic Neutrino Scattering at Next-to-Next-to-Leading Order in QCD

We present a fully differential next-to-next-to-leading order calculation of charm-quark production in charged-current deep-inelastic scattering, with full charm-quark mass dependence. The next-to-next-to-leading order corrections in perturbative quantum chromodynamics are found to be comparable in size to the next-to-leading order corrections in certain kinematic regions. We compare our predictions with data on dimuon production in (anti)neutrino scattering from a heavy nucleus. Our results can be used to improve the extraction of the parton distribution function of a strange quark in the nucleon.National Natural Science Foundation (China) (Grant No. 11375013)National Natural Science Foundation (China) (Grant No. 11135003)United States. Dept. of Energy (Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357)United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Nuclear Physics (U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-SC0011090

Differential distributions for t-channel single top-quark production and decay at next-to-next-to-leading order in QCD

We present a detailed phenomenological study of the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCD corrections for t-channel single top (anti-)quark production and its semi-leptonic decay at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We find the NNLO corrections for the total inclusive rates at the LHC with different center of mass energies are generally smaller than the NLO corrections, indicative of improved convergence. However, they can be large for differential distributions, reaching a level of 10% or more in certain regions of the transverse momentum distributions of the top (anti-)quark and the pseudo-rapidity distributions of the leading jet in the event. In all cases the perturbative hard-scale uncertainties are greatly reduced after the NNLO corrections are included. We also show a comparison of the normalized parton-level distributions to recent data from the 8 TeV measurement of the ATLAS collaboration. The NNLO corrections tend to shift the theoretical predictions closer to the measured transverse momentum distribution of the top (anti)-quark. Importantly, for the LHC at 13 TeV, we present NNLO cross sections in a fiducial volume with decays of the top quark included. Keywords: NLO Computations; QCD PhenomenologyUnited States. Department of Energy (Grant DE-AC02-06CH11357

Endovascular middle cerebral artery embolic stroke model: a novel approach

A video (video 1) describing a novel murine endovascular embolic stroke model is presented. Traditional middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion models include a blind insertion of a monofilament string1 2 into the common or external carotid artery with the expectation to selectively occlude the MCA. However, significant mortality occurs due to subarachnoid hemorrhage and variability in stroke size, possibly related to the filament’s malposition—for example, external carotid or proximal internal carotid artery (ICA). Additionally, while the string is in place, it occludes the entire extracranial ICA affecting also the collateral pial circulation.Video 1Our model includes tail artery access, which tolerates several procedures facilitating survival studies. This model uses autologous blood3 4 clot deployed directly into the MCA, resembling what occurs in clinical practice. Autologous thrombi could be lysed with IA/IV tissue plasminogen activator.In summary, we describe a novel model that resembles real practice, permits multiple catheterizations, results in reliable embolization under fluoroscopic guidance and allows therapeutic interventions not available with traditional models.</jats:p

Endovascular middle cerebral artery embolic stroke model: a novel approach.

A video (video 1) describing a novel murine endovascular embolic stroke model is presented. Traditional middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion models include a blind insertion of a monofilament string12 into the common or external carotid artery with the expectation to selectively occlude the MCA. However, significant mortality occurs due to subarachnoid hemorrhage and variability in stroke size, possibly related to the filament's malposition-for example, external carotid or proximal internal carotid artery (ICA). Additionally, while the string is in place, it occludes the entire extracranial ICA affecting also the collateral pial circulation.neurintsurg;neurintsurg-2021-017370v1/V1F1V1Video 1Our model includes tail artery access, which tolerates several procedures facilitating survival studies. This model uses autologous blood3 4 clot deployed directly into the MCA, resembling what occurs in clinical practice. Autologous thrombi could be lysed with IA/IV tissue plasminogen activator.In summary, we describe a novel model that resembles real practice, permits multiple catheterizations, results in reliable embolization under fluoroscopic guidance and allows therapeutic interventions not available with traditional models

Pedesta rubella

&lt;i&gt;Pedesta rubella&lt;/i&gt; (Devyatkin, 1996) stat. n. &lt;p&gt;(Fig. 2, Figs. 3&ndash;8)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Thoressa submacula rubella&lt;/i&gt; Devyatkin, 1996: 603, type locality: near Moc-Chau, northern Vietnam; Monastyrskii &amp; Devyatkin 2015: 77.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Thoressa submacula&lt;/i&gt;: Devyatkin 2002: 128, fig. 2 (misidentification); Ikeda &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. 2001: 64, fig. 21 (misidentification).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Diagnosis.&lt;/b&gt; Based upon specimens examined and field investigation, the wing pattern variability of &lt;i&gt;Pedesta rubella&lt;/i&gt; is recognized as follows: on the forewing, subapical spots in spaces R 4 &ndash;R 5 may be wide and strip shaped (Fig. 3, Fig. 25b), or narrow and dot like (Figs. 4&ndash;7, Fig. 25a); on the dorsal side, the dot in space R 3 may be prominent (Figs. 3, 7) or nearly vanish (Figs. 4&ndash;6); the lower cell spot is sometimes elongated toward wing base (Figs. 4, 5), or equally sized with the upper one (Figs. 3, 7), or even smaller (Fig. 6); spots in spaces M 3 and CuA 1 are wide (Fig. 3) or relatively narrower (Fig. 5). On the ventral side of the hindwing, two basal spots in space Sc+R 1 are well separated (Figs. 4, 6, 7, Fig. 25a) or connected (Figs. 3, 5, Fig. 25b); between the basal and submarginal spots in spaces M 1 &ndash;M 2 there is sometimes a pair of white spots which form the postdiscal series with those in spaces Rs, M 3 and CuA 1 (Figs. 6, 7, Fig. 25b). This variability can be observed among individuals of the same group (Fig. 25), and does not represent seasonal forms. Wing patterns of &lt;i&gt;P. submacula&lt;/i&gt; fall into this variability (Figs. 9&ndash;17), so the two species can hardly be distinguished without an examination of genitalia.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; The differences in male genitalia of &lt;i&gt;Pedesta submacula&lt;/i&gt; (Fig. 18) and &lt;i&gt;P. rubella&lt;/i&gt; (Fig. 19, Fig. 20) are as below:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; 1. In dorsal view, the uncus of &lt;i&gt;Pedesta submacula&lt;/i&gt; is obviously wider (it is narrower in &lt;i&gt;P. rubella&lt;/i&gt;), and the two distal branches are pointed (they are slender and blunt pointed in &lt;i&gt;P. rubella&lt;/i&gt;), between which there is a Ushaped gap (the gap is narrower or V-shaped in &lt;i&gt;P. rubella&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; 2. In &lt;i&gt;Pedesta submacula&lt;/i&gt;, there is usually a pair of short triangular horns on the dorsal side of the tegumen terminally, and sometimes the horns are rather long and sharply pointed (Fig. 26, Fig. 27). But in &lt;i&gt;P. rubella&lt;/i&gt; they are vestigial or absent.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; 3. In lateral view, the distal branches of both valva are robust and semi-erect in &lt;i&gt;Pedesta submacula&lt;/i&gt;, but they are usually slender, longer, and erect in &lt;i&gt;P. rubella&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; Among the specimens of &lt;i&gt;Pedesta rubella&lt;/i&gt;, distal branches of valva in some individuals are robust (Fig. 21).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Nevertheless, the shape of the uncus is always a good character to distinguish the two species.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Note.&lt;/b&gt; The holotype of &lt;i&gt;Pedesta submacula&lt;/i&gt; is not examined in this study, but the possibility that it belongs to &lt;i&gt;P. rubella&lt;/i&gt; can be excluded due to the great distance between the type locality of &lt;i&gt;P. submacula&lt;/i&gt;, viz. Changyang (Hubei Province, China) and the range of &lt;i&gt;P. rubella&lt;/i&gt; (Fig. 28).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; Although &lt;i&gt;Pedesta rubella&lt;/i&gt; is proved to be a separate species, the unique wing pattern and the remarkable bifurcate distal branch of the right valva of the holotype are conspicuously different from those of the specimens from other localities. If more materials bearing the same morphological characters as the holotype can be found in the future, it will be possible to consider the population from other localities as a distinguishable subspecies of &lt;i&gt;P. rubella&lt;/i&gt;. But for now, it is more reasonable to treat the holotype as an individual variation of the species.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Description.&lt;/b&gt; Females of &lt;i&gt;Pedesta rubella&lt;/i&gt; (Fig. 8) and &lt;i&gt;P. submacula&lt;/i&gt; (Figs. 11, 13, 15, 17) exhibit similar wing patterns. Unlike the corresponding males, in the lower half of space CuA 2 there is a small triangular patch located near vein 2A, and the line connecting the patch and cell spots is perpendicular to the costa. Genitalia are described as follows to distinguish the females of the two species.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; Female genitalia of &lt;i&gt;Pedesta rubella&lt;/i&gt; (Fig. 22). Papillae anales flabellate in lateral view, covered with long hairs. Apophyses posteriores three times as long as papillae anales. Lamella postvaginalis and lamella antevaginalis well developed and sclerotized. In ventral view, middle of posterior edge of lamella postvaginalis extended to be a fishtail plate, of which basal half tapered and distal margin shallowly concave. Lamella antevaginalis almost triangular, each side of basal area bear an elongated plate with irregular distal margin; middle of posterior edge protruding, round. Ductus bursae tube-like; bursa copulatrix bursiform, constricted in middle, without signum.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; Female genitalia of &lt;i&gt;Pedesta submacula&lt;/i&gt; (Fig. 23). Similar to &lt;i&gt;P. rubella&lt;/i&gt;, but extended plate of lamella postvaginalis more developed, shovel-shaped; lamella antevaginalis triangular, top angle blunt, base angle on each side much smaller and sharply pointed.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Bionomics.&lt;/b&gt; Most specimens of GX-group were caught in limestone karst habitat in Nonggang NNR (Fig. 24). In this subtropical area, &lt;i&gt;Pedesta rubella&lt;/i&gt; is common from April to October. The adults fly rapidly and prefer to suck mud or liquid on the ground (Fig. 25). The males also like to occupy the crown of shrubs as a territory and drive out intrusive butterflies. According to our investigations, females of this species appear to be remarkably less numerous than males.&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Li, Meng, Monastyrkii, Alexander L., Kolesnichenko, Kirill A., Liu, Zihao, Xue, Guoxi, Long, Jifeng &amp; Tang, Huaxing, 2020, Morphological and molecular characters reveal the status of Pedesta rubella (Devyatkin, 1996) stat. n. and P. similissima (Devyatkin, 2002) syn. n. (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae), pp. 217-231 in Zootaxa 4743 (2)&lt;/i&gt; on pages 221-223, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4743.2.5, &lt;a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3687821"&gt;http://zenodo.org/record/3687821&lt;/a&gt

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Morphological and molecular characters reveal the status of &lt;em&gt;Pedesta&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;rubella&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(Devyatkin, 1996) stat. n. and&lt;em&gt; P. similissima&lt;/em&gt; (Devyatkin, 2002) syn. n. (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

To clarify the relationships of Pedesta submacula (Leech, 1890), P. submacula rubella (Devyatkin, 1996) and P. similissima (Devyatkin, 2002), specimens from various localities in China and Vietnam, including the type materials of P. submacula rubella and P. similissima were examined. A neighbor-joining (NJ) tree was also reconstructed based upon partial COI sequences of 24 ingroup specimens and 4 outgroup species. The result shows that P. similissima is a synonym of P. submacula, and P. submacula rubella belongs to a separate species. The mean Kimura-2-Parameter genetic distance between P. submacula and P. rubella stat. n. is 4.4%. Wing patterns and genitalic structures of these taxa are illustrated and compared. A distribution map of both species is provided. </jats:p

Pedesta similissima, syn. n.

&lt;i&gt;Pedesta similissima&lt;/i&gt; (Devyatkin, 2002) syn. n. &lt;p&gt;(Fig. 26)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Thoressa similissima&lt;/i&gt; Devyatkin, 2002: 127, type locality: Thanh Hoa Province, northern Vietnam.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; = &lt;i&gt;Pedesta submacula&lt;/i&gt; (Leech, 1890).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Note.&lt;/b&gt; Re-examination of the type specimens of &lt;i&gt;Pedesta similissima&lt;/i&gt; (Fig. 26, Fig. 27) shows that both the external and genitalic characters are identical to those of &lt;i&gt;P. submacula&lt;/i&gt; (Figs. 9&ndash;17, Fig. 18), suggesting the two species are conspecific. The analysis of COI gene sequences confirmed this point (Fig. 1). Devyatkin (2002) mistook &lt;i&gt;P. rubella&lt;/i&gt; for &lt;i&gt;P. submacula&lt;/i&gt; and thus resulted in this synonym.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Distribution.&lt;/b&gt; Based upon the specimens examined, data from literature (e.g. Ikeda &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. 2001; Wang &amp; Tang 2012; Chen 2016; Zhu &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. 2017) and results of the present study, a distribution map of &lt;i&gt;Pedesta submacula&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;P. rubella&lt;/i&gt; is provided (Fig. 28). It shows that &lt;i&gt;P. submacula&lt;/i&gt; is widely distributed from northwestern Qinling Mountains through the southern mainland China to central Vietnam, but in southern Guangxi and northern Vietnam, it is replaced by &lt;i&gt;P. rubella&lt;/i&gt;. Both species have not been found sympatrically so far. Although &lt;i&gt;P. submacula&lt;/i&gt; is separated by &lt;i&gt;P. rubella&lt;/i&gt; into two groups, specimens from China and Vietnam are not distinguishable by stable external or genitalic characters. Therefore, the Vietnamese population of &lt;i&gt;P. submacula&lt;/i&gt; is not considered a separate subspecies.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Geographical gaps between populations of species caused by natural factors are not rare in the butterfly fauna of Indochina. Disjunctions observed differ in their distance and direction. The majority of disjunctions in the Sino- Himalayan ranges has been observed between populations of northern Vietnam (e.g. Hoang Lien Son mountains) and northern part of central Vietnam (northern Truong Son ridge), and populations of W. China and E. Himalayas.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; During the last two decades, detailed studies of the Vietnamese butterfly fauna have showed disjunctions in representatives of different taxonomical groups, e.g. &lt;i&gt;Pazala&lt;/i&gt; Moore, 1888 (Hu &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. 2018, 2019), &lt;i&gt;Devyatkinia&lt;/i&gt; Monastyrskii &amp; U&eacute;mura, 2016, &lt;i&gt;Lethe&lt;/i&gt; H&uuml;bner, 1819 (Lang &amp; Monastyrskii 2016), &lt;i&gt;Ypthima&lt;/i&gt; H&uuml;bner, 1818 (Monastyrskii &amp; Holoway 2013), etc. Sometimes these disjunctions may be filled with the populations of closely related species, showing the characters of vicariance, the existence of refugiums and the speciation processes occurred in this area.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; Judging from the modern distribution pattern of &lt;i&gt;Pedesta submacula&lt;/i&gt; (Fig. 28), it is very possible that the Vietnamese population of this species was separated from the main distribution range in the course of geological and climatic changes, and then, it adapted to new conditions and lost contact with the main populations; this resulted in the formation of a new taxon, viz. &lt;i&gt;P. rubella&lt;/i&gt;. Such a distribution pattern may suggest that the range of this species was larger in the past, when the corresponding habitats shifted down the slopes during cooler and drier glacial period. During the warmer eras, the species may become isolated when these habitats receded to higher altitudes. Such cycles of habitat changes may have also led to varying degrees of divergence in some groups of butterflies. At present, this scenario presents a suitable explanation for range disjunctions of many separate montane butterfly taxa in Vietnam.&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Li, Meng, Monastyrkii, Alexander L., Kolesnichenko, Kirill A., Liu, Zihao, Xue, Guoxi, Long, Jifeng &amp; Tang, Huaxing, 2020, Morphological and molecular characters reveal the status of Pedesta rubella (Devyatkin, 1996) stat. n. and P. similissima (Devyatkin, 2002) syn. n. (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae), pp. 217-231 in Zootaxa 4743 (2)&lt;/i&gt; on pages 224-229, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4743.2.5, &lt;a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3687821"&gt;http://zenodo.org/record/3687821&lt;/a&gt

Morphological and molecular characters reveal the status of Pedesta rubella (Devyatkin, 1996) stat. n. and P. similissima (Devyatkin, 2002) syn. n. (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae)

Li, Meng, Monastyrkii, Alexander L., Kolesnichenko, Kirill A., Liu, Zihao, Xue, Guoxi, Long, Jifeng, Tang, Huaxing (2020): Morphological and molecular characters reveal the status of Pedesta rubella (Devyatkin, 1996) stat. n. and P. similissima (Devyatkin, 2002) syn. n. (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Zootaxa 4743 (2): 217-231, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4743.2.