Efeito de diferentes tipos de cobertura do solo sobre propágulos de fungos micorrizicos arbusculares.

O uso de coquetéis vegetais pode beneficiar o sistema solo-planta por aumentar os teores de matéria orgânica e a atividade microbiana. Foi realizado um experimento com objetivo de avaliar o grau de colonização radicular por fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) dos coquetéis vegetais. O experimento foi conduzido em Petrolina-PE, em um Argissolo com nível alto de P (> 23 mg/dm3), sem adição de fertilizantes e com irrigação. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com três tratamentos de cobertura vegetal e três repetições. Os tratamentos foram: T1 ? coquetel vegetal 1, T2 ? coquetel vegetal 2 e T3 ? vegetação espontânea. As espécies de planta utilizadas na cobertura do solo como coquetéis vegetais ou que cresceram como vegetação espontânea apresentaram colonização radicular variando de 55 a 92%. A cobertura do solo com coquetéis vegetais ou pela vegetação espontânea podem promover o aumento da infectividade micorrízica do solo

Nitrate in soil solution with use of plant cocktails as green manure in diferent tillage systems in the brazilian semi-arid

Tillage systems strongly affect nutrient transformations and plant availability. The objective of this study was to assess the nitrate dynamic in soil solution in different tillage systems with use of plant cocktail as green manure in fertilized melon (Cucumis melon) in Brazilian semi-arid. The treatments were arranged in four blocks in a split-plot design and included three types of cover crops and two tillage systems, conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT). The data showed no strong effect of plant cocktails composition on NO3-N dynamic in the soil. Mean concentration of NO3-N ranged from 19.45 mg L-1 at 15 cm to 60.16 mg L-1 at 50 cm soil depth, indicating high leachability. No significant differences were observed between NT and CT treatments for 15 cm depth. The high soil moisture content at ~ 30 cm depth concentrated high NO3-N in all treatments, mean of 54.27 mg L-1 to NT and 54.62 mg L-1 to CT. The highest NO3-N concentration was observed at 50 cm depth in TC (60.16 mg L-1). High concentration of NO3-N in CT may be attributed to increase in decomposition of soil organic matter and crop residues incorporated into the soil

Multifunctional agroecosystems contributing for nutrients cycling in irrigated environments of the Brazilian semi-arid.

The present work aims to evaluate the micronutrient cycling capacity by the use of green manure in mango production systems in the Brazilian semi-arid to mitigate the excessive use of fertilizer in agroecosystems

Plant mixtures and soil management in the melon crop.

Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a crop economically important for Brazil and for other countries, making it the eighth most produced fruit in the world and the third most fresh fruit exported from Brazil. However, soil tillage for cultivation involves the use of plowing, disking and ridging preparation to the realization of planting. That practices accelerates the process of soil degradation, decreasing soil organic matter and favoring the salinization process. Conservation practices such as the use of green manures and no tillage, are incorporated into the concept of systems to compose a low carbon emission. To adjust a technological model of tillage of melon plant for the Brazilian semiarid system and to compose the crops rotation systems of this vegetable, are being conducted long-term experiments, using plant mixtures as green manures and two tillage systems of soil. This study aimed to monitoring the impact of green manure crops in the form of plant mixtures, and soil management on productivity and fruit quality of melon. The initial stage of the experiment allows us to infer that the cultivation of plant mixtures did not change the productivity and fruit quality though, in the second year of cultivation, management factor affecting the productivity

Alterações nas características químicas de um argissolo acinzentado decorrente da aplicação de compostos orgânicos.

Práticas de manejo do solo afetam as suas propriedades e como a fertilidade dos solos depende da quantidade e qualidade da sua matéria orgânica, é muito provável que mudanças causadas pelas práticas de manejo afetem diretamente a fertilidade dos mesmos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as alterações nas propriedades químicas de um Argissolo Acinzentado em função da aplicação de compostos orgânicos em sistema orgânico de produção de melão. O estudo foi realizado no Perímetro Irrigado Senador Nilo Coelho em Petrolina -PE em um Argissolo Acinzentado. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com 4 repetições. Os tratamentos constaram da aplicação, no sulco de plantio, de cinco compostos orgânicos (C.O.) preparados com diferentes tipos de resíduos. Foram avaliadas as propriedades químicas em dois períodos: tempo um (um ano após a implantação do experimento) e tempo dois (dois anos após a implantação do experimento), comparados ao tempo zero (antes da implantação do experimento). A adição de compostos promoveu melhorias na qualidade química do solo que foram evidenciadas por aumentos na maioria das características de fertilidade observadas, demonstrando a importância do uso sustentável do solo com a adição de compostos orgânicos

Low-carbon technology in brazilian semiarid ecosystems.

Agriculture is a vulnerable sector to the climate changes, and Brazil is one of the major contributor of greenhouse gases (GHSs). Thus, the implementation of effective strategies for both mitigation and adaptation to climate change for agriculture is very important for development and also to infer sustainability to the Brazilian agricultural sector. The “low-carbon agriculture” aims to develop processes and technologies that promote mitigation of GHG emissions in agriculture and enable the adaptation of the agricultural sector to climate change. Thus, in Brazilian semiarid region, developing technologies with no-tillage systems concomitant with green manure and agrosilvopastoral systems are adapted to climatic conditions to infer sustainability in the livestock and agricultural sectors

Low carbon technologies for agriculture in dryland: brazilian experience.

Anthropogenic activities have altered the atmospheric composition since the industrial era, especially with the increasing greenhouse gas emission due to fossil fuel combustion, cement production, and land-use change. The Brazilian semiarid, covering approximately 969.589 km2 with 21 million people, region has 1.6 million agricultural establishments and 95% are classified as family farms. The typical agricultural systems are characterized by high grazing density, slash and burn practices, and fruits and legumes by irrigated monocultures. Consequently, soil degradation occurs due unsustainable soil management, decreasing soil carbon stock, and the biodiversity. The soil carbon depletion is also associated with saline, water, and thermal stresses. Saline, water, and thermal stresses in dryland, the impact of the land-use change associated with climate change, and few technological resources available for use in agricultural systems are the main reasons responsible for low productivity in the Brazilian semiarid region. Low-cost agricultural practices can contribute to build healthy and sustainable agroecosystems: among these, the selection of plant species tolerant to saline, water, and thermal stresses, the use of rhizobial inoculants, adoption of no-tillage, sowing green manure, and adoption of technologies to stock water to improve its efficiency and productivity

Cleaner fruit production with green manure: The case of Brazilian melons.

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