1,2-Dihydr­oxy-2-(3-methyl­but-2-en­yl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid monohydrate

The title compound, C15H16O5·H2O, is an inter­mediate of the Hooker oxidation reaction, used for the synthesis of 2-hydr­oxy-3-(2-methyl­prop-1-en­yl)naphthalene-1,4-dione (nor-lapachol). The packing in the crystal structure is arranged by an O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonded network along the [100] and [010] directions. Each organic mol­ecule is linked to four other mol­ecules via the hydr­oxy groups. The water solvent mol­ecule is connected to carboxylic acid groups by three hydrogen bonds

Chronic fluoxetine treatment alters cardiovascular functions in unanesthetized rats

In the present study, we investigated the effects induced by fluoxetine treatment (10 mg/kg) for either 1 or 21 consecutive days on arterial pressure and heart rate basal levels, baroreflex activity, hemodynamic responses to vasoactive agents and cardiovascular responses to acute restraint stress. Mild hypertension was observed after 21 days of treatment, but not after administration for 1 day. Moreover, chronic treatment affected the baroreflex control of heart rate, which was characterized by a reduced reflex tachycardia and an enhanced bradycardiac baroreflex response. The pressor responses to systemic administration of the selective alpha(1)-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine, as well as the depressor responses to systemic infusion of the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside, were reduced after chronic fluoxetine treatment. Fluoxetine treatment for 21 days reduced both the pressor and tachycardiac responses evoked by acute restraint stress. In conclusion, the results indicate the development of mild hypertension after chronic fluoxetine treatment. This effect was followed by changes in the baroreflex control of heart rate and altered vascular responsiveness to pressor and depressor agents, which may explain, at least in part, the increase in arterial pressure. Chronic fluoxetine treatment also affected cardiovascular responses to restraint stress, thus indicating that fluoxetine may affect cardiovascular adaptation under conditions of stress. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Holben, W. E.: Polyphasic Examination of a 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Degrading

70 60 50 27 82 86 19 85 93 89 14 40 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Summarized above results we can draw this preliminary conclusion. The GA/KNN method can be used to find nearly minimum optimal feature set for discrimination. In tha

On palms, bugs, and Chagas disease in the Americas

MCTI/CNPq/MSSCTIE – Decit (grant 403900/2012-3), Fiocruz-FAPEAM agreement, Faperj, FAPEMIG, Fiocruz/PAPES, FINATEC, Capes, and CNPq (Brazil); Proyecto Col-011-034, SENACYT (Panama); the Office of the Vice-President for Research at the University of Georgia, and EPA STAR Graduate Research Fellowship (USA); FRIDE, FONACITMCT grant 2000001888, and the Wellcome Trust (grant 062984) (Venezuela); COLCIENCIAS grant 110240820446 (Colombia); and the UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO TDR Special Program (grants 970195, A20441, and A20274).Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane. Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia. Manaus, AM, Brazil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa René Rachou. Laboratório de Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Ecoepidemiologia da Doença de Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Ecoepidemiologia da Doença de Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Universidade de Brasília. Faculdade de Medicina. Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores. Brasília, DF, Brazil.Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona. Barcelona, CT, Spain.Insituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud. Panamá, Panama.Insituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud. Panamá, Panama.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Atlanta, GA, USA.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Doença de Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Universidad Industrial de Santander. Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales. Piedecuesta, Santander, Colombia.Universidad Industrial de Santander. Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales. Piedecuesta, Santander, Colombia.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa René Rachou. Laboratório de Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa René Rachou. Laboratório de Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Laboratorio de Artrópodos. Corrientes, Argentina.University of Georgia. College of Veterinary Medicine. Department of Pathology. Athens, GA, USA.Palms are ubiquitous across Neotropical landscapes, from pristine forests or savannahs to large cities. Although palms provide useful ecosystem services, they also offer suitable habitat for triatomines and for Trypanosoma cruzi mammalian hosts. Wild triatomines often invade houses by flying from nearby palms, potentially leading to new cases of human Chagas disease. Understanding and predicting triatomine-palm associations and palm infestation probabilities is important for enhancing Chagas disease prevention in areas where palm-associated vectors transmit T. cruzi. We present a comprehensive overview of palm infestation by triatomines in the Americas, combining a thorough reanalysis of our published and unpublished records with an in-depth review of the literature. We use site-occupancy modeling (SOM) to examine infestation in 3590 palms sampled with non-destructive methods, and standard statistics to describe and compare infestation in 2940 palms sampled by felling-and-dissection. Thirty-eight palm species (18 genera) have been reported to be infested by ∼39 triatomine species (10 genera) from the USA to Argentina. Overall infestation varied from 49.1-55.3% (SOM) to 62.6-66.1% (dissection), with important heterogeneities among sub-regions and particularly among palm species. Large palms with complex crowns (e.g., Attalea butyracea, Acrocomia aculeata) and some medium-crowned palms (e.g., Copernicia, Butia) are often infested; in slender, small-crowned palms (e.g., Euterpe) triatomines associate with vertebrate nests. Palm infestation tends to be higher in rural settings, but urban palms can also be infested. Most Rhodnius species are probably true palm specialists, whereas Psammolestes, Eratyrus, Cavernicola, Panstrongylus, Triatoma, Alberprosenia, and some Bolboderini seem to use palms opportunistically. Palms provide extensive habitat for enzootic T. cruzi cycles and a critical link between wild cycles and transmission to humans. Unless effective means to reduce contact between people and palm-living triatomines are devised, palms will contribute to maintaining long-term and widespread, albeit possibly low-intensity, transmission of human Chagas disease