TiO2- and BaTiO3-Assisted Photocatalytic Degradation of Selected Chloroorganic Compounds in Aqueous Medium: Correlation of Reactivity/Orientation Effects of Substituent Groups of the Pollutant Molecule on the Degradation Rate

Investigation of the photocatalytic activity of BaTiO3, a perovskite wideband gap semiconductor has been done in comparison with a widely used photocatalyst TiO2 for the degradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), 4-chloroaniline (4-CA), 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene (3,4-DCNB), and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP). BaTiO3/TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by gel-to-crystalline conversion method. BaTiO3 has exhibited better catalytic efficiency and process efficiency compared with TiO2 in most of the cases. The present research focuses mainly on two aspects: first the photocatalytic activity of BaTiO3, as there are very few reports in the literature, and second the reactivity/orientation effects of substituent groups of the pollutant molecules on the degradation rate. The above chloroorganic compounds have at least one chlorine substituent in common, along with other functional groups such as −OH, −NH2, and −NO2. Furthermore, the effect of electron acceptors and pH on the rate of degradation is presented. The reactions follow first-order kinetics. The degradation reaction was followed by UV−vis, IR, and GC-MS spectroscopic techniques. On the basis of the identification of the intermediates, a probable degradation reaction mechanism has been proposed for each compoun

Proses Komunikasi Interpersonal Ibu Yang Bekerja Dalam Pembentukkan Sikap Konatif Anak

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses komunikasi interpersonal ibu yang bekerja dalam pembentukan sikap konatif anak. Seorang ibu yang bekerja yang memerlukan management waktu yang baik, agar dapat membagi waktu dan menyeimbangkan antara urusan pekerjaan dan keluarga.Penelitian ini dikaji berdasarkan delapan elemen komunikasi menurut Joseph A. DeVito, dan menggunakan metodologi studi kasus single case dengan teknik analisis data Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan cara pengkomunikasian pesan yang ingin disampaikan oleh ibu yang bekerja kepada anak dalam membentuk sikap konatif. Sikap konatif adalah tahapan sikap dimana seseorang melakukan apa yang telah diketahuinya. Meskipun penyampaian pesan dilakukan secara personal, tetapi penerimaan pesan tersebut dapat diterima berbeda sesuai dengan hal-hal yang mempengaruhi pemikiran dan pandangan lawan bicara. Adapun cara yang dilakukan yaitu memberikan pengertian tentang pekerjaan ibu, memberikan kebebasan berpendapat, mengajarkan anak untuk selalu bersyukur dan berusaha, mendukung prestasi anak, memberikan tanggung jawab dalam menjaga keutuhan keluarga, dan membina hubungan yang dekat dengan anak

New Insights into the Origin of the Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity of Fe(iii) Porphyrin Surface Anchored TiO2

In order to utilize visible light more effectively in photocatalytic reactions, the surfaces of TiO2 nanoparticles are sensitized by Hemin molecules (H-TiO2) and the catalyst is characterized by various analytical techniques like powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with an energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) technique, BET surface area measurements and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results strongly confirm the chemisorption of Hemin molecules on the TiO2 surface through O&z.dbd;C-O-Ti bonds. The photocatalytic activity of H-TiO2 was investigated by the degradation of 4-nitrophenol as a model compound in an aqueous solution under solar light irradiation with the assistance of an appropriate amount of a sacrificial electron donor. The enhanced activity of H-TiO2 confirms the sensitization process. Intermediate products were identified by HPLC analysis and a possible degradation reaction mechanism was proposed. The development of this porphyrin-based photocatalyst provides an alternative approach in harnessing visible solar light and shows promise for waste water treatment in future industrial applications

Effect of some biocontrol agents against root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita race2)

Culture filtrate of four rhizospheric fungi and four biocontrol agents were studied in vitro for their efficacy against Meloidogyne incognita race 2. The per cent mortality and egg hatching inhibition was proportional to the concentration of culture filtrate and the duration of exposure period. Culture filtrates of Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. significantly induced inhibition of egg hatching and mortality of Meloidogyne incognita race 2.The highest percentage of inhibition of egg hatching and juvenile mortality was recorded in Trichoderma harzianum followed by Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma sp

Kinetic Model Based on non-linear Regression Analysis is Proposed for the Degradation of Phenol under UV/solar Light Using Nitrogen Doped TiO2

Nitrogen was doped into the TiO2 matrix in the concentration range of 0.05-0.20 at.% and the photocatalytic activities were tested for the degradation of phenol (Ph) under UV/solar light using hydrogen peroxide (HP) and ammonium persulfate (APS) as electron acceptors. The prepared photocatalysts characterized by various analytical techniques confirm the incorporation of nitrogen in the TiO2 lattice. The 0.15 at.% dopant concentration shows higher photocatalytic activity compared with sol-gel TiO2 (SG) and Degauss P25 TiO2 (P25) for the degradation process. Photoluminescence technique was used for studying the extent of hydroxyl radicals produced on TiO2 and TiO2−xNx (NT) surface in the presence of oxidants under UV/solar light irradiation. The kinetic rate equation obtained for the best system TiO2−xNx (x = 0.15 at.%)/APS/under solar irradiation is found to be: rap,solar = 0.0041[NT]0.54[APS]0.71[Ph]−0.70. A kinetic/mathematical model was developed based on the nonlinear regression analysis for the various processes and the validity of the model was tested by comparing the experimental values with the theoretically calculated data as a function of variable parameters like catalyst dosage, concentration of electron acceptors and initial concentration of Ph

Strategies developed on the modification of titania for visible light response with enhanced interfacial charge transfer process: An overview

The modification of titania by metal / non metal ion doping, coupling with narrow band gap sensitizer, surface flourination, metal deposition, and together with recent ventures on application of 001 facets of anatase titania for visible light response with enhanced charge carrier separation are briefly overviewed. © Versita Sp. z o.o