The absorption of hydrogen chloride from dilute air mixtures

A study was made of the absorption of hydrogen chloride from air mixtures containing from 1 to 40 mgm. HCl/liter (1000 to 40000 mgm./m.3), using a.4 diameter tower packed with 2 Intalox saddles, irrigated with water or with sodium hydroxide solutions of 0.3% to 3.8% concen?tration. Gas flow rates of 177 to 752 lbs./(hr.)(ft.2) were investigated at three liquid rates: 2960 ; 4260, and 5700 lbs./(hr/)(ft.2). All data were collected below the flooding point. Correlations of the height of a transfer unit with the superficial gas velocity were prepared for water and for sodium hydroxide irrigation, and a relationship was presented for the over-all coefficient of mass transfer to the ratio of sodium hydroxide normality and pressure. Height of a transfer unit is approximately 0.5 foot for a superficial gas velocity of 500 lbs./(hr.)(ft.2) for both water and sodium hydroxide as absorbing liquid

Letter from L. Demarest to James B. Finley

Dear Sir, Yours of the 25th ult., addressed to our W. James Harper has been received. Our price for the Family Library, in 187 volumes, is $80; but for the purpose named by you we will supply it for$50, to be delivered here. This is much lower than our wholesale price. The difference is intended as a donation to the philanthropic project you have in mind. Harper and Brothers, signed L. Demarest. Abstract Number - 576https://digitalcommons.owu.edu/finley-letters/1872/thumbnail.jp

From budget padding to budget scrutiny?: National Assembly-executive relations in the budget process

Institutions, Decisions and Collective Behaviou

Review of Fourchard, L. (2021) Classify, exclude, police: urban lives in South Africa and Nigeria

Institutions, Decisions and Collective Behaviou

Elite clientelism in Nigeria: the role of parties in weakening legislator-voter ties

Institutions, Decisions and Collective Behaviou

Reporting on electoral violence in Nigerian news media: “Saying it as it is”?

While Nigeria has a vibrant press media landscape, freedom of the press is only rated as “partly free” by Freedom House, mostly due to political influences on reporting. Yet the extent to which these influences affect the quality of reporting remains insufficiently investigated. We address this gap by analyzing how three newspapers with different political affiliations report on conflict in the run-up to the 2015 elections. Our analyses indicate that biases in reporting are generally limited, and that while political pressures are real, they are most evident in editorial choices.The Institutions of Politics; Design, Workings, and implications ( do not use, ended 1-1-2020

How events enter (or not) data sets: the pitfalls and guidelines of using newspapers in the study of conflict

While conflict event data sets are increasingly used in contemporary conflict research, important concerns persist regarding the quality of the collected data. Such concerns are not necessarily new. Yet, because the methodological debate and evidence on potential errors remains scattered across different subdisciplines of social sciences, there is little consensus concerning proper reporting practices in codebooks, how best to deal with the different types of errors, and which types of errors should be prioritised. In this article, we introduce a new analytical framework—that is, the Total Event Error (TEE) framework—which aims to elucidate the methodological challenges and errors that may affect whether and how events are entered into conflict event data sets, drawing on different fields of study. Potential errors are diverse and may range from errors arising from the rationale of the media source (e.g., selection of certain types of events into the news) to errors occurring during the data collection process or the analysis phase. Based on the TEE framework, we propose a set of strategies to mitigate errors associated with the construction and use of conflict event data sets. We also identify a number of important avenues for future research concerning the methodology of creating conflict event data sets.Institutions, Decisions and Collective Behaviou

Managing diversity in Nigeria’s fourth republic national assembly: integrated parties versus ethno-regional balancing

Institutions, Decisions and Collective Behaviou

A perfect match?: The dampening effect of interethnic marriage on armed conflict in Africa

How does interethnic marriage influence the occurrence of ethnic violence in sub-Saharan Africa? Previous studies on the relationship between intergroup contact and conflict onset have produced mixed findings. Some scholars have argued that this might be due to the way interethnic contact is measured. Building on insights of social psychology, this study examines the influence of interethnic marriage as the ultimate form of positive intergroup contact. In doing so, we combine information of the Demographic and Health Surveys with event data on ethnic conflict. Our analysis shows that areas with higher levels of exogamy significantly experience less ethnic conflict.Institutions, Decisions and Collective Behaviou

Models of Models: The Symbiotic Relationship between Models and Wargames

Military planning uses wargames to model the processes and decisions of an operation. As these operations become increasingly complex, the wargames similarly become more complex. Complex wargames are difficult to design and execute. As such, computer-based modeling and simulation can aid the wargame development, ensuring smooth execution. In particular, computer-based modeling and simulation can develop and validate the processes, determine initial conditions, evaluate the rules, and aid in validation. In turn, the wargame can provide useful data that can be fed into detailed models that can provide quantitative analysis to decision-makers