7 research outputs found

    Synergy between EngE, XynA and ManA from Clostridium cellulovorans on corn stalk, grass and pineapple pulp substrates

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    The synergistic interaction between various hemi/cellulolytic enzymes has become more important in order to achieve effective and optimal degradation of complex lignocellulose substrates for biofuel production. This study investigated the synergistic effect of three enzymes endoglucanase (EngE), mannanase (ManA) and xylanase (XynA) on the degradation of corn stalk, grass, and pineapple fruit pulp and determined the optimal degree of synergy between combinations of these enzymes. It was established that EngE was essential for degradation of all of the substrates, while the hemicellulases were able to contribute in a synergistic fashion to increase the activity on these substrates. Maximum specific activity and degree of synergy on the corn stalk and grass was found with EngE:XynA in a ratio of 75:25%, with a specific activity of 41.1 U/mg protein and a degree of synergy of 6.3 for corn stalk, and 44.1 U/mg protein and 3.4 for grass, respectively. The pineapple fruit pulp was optimally digested using a ManA:EngE combination in a 50:50% ratio; the specific activity and degree of synergy achieved were 52.4 U/mg protein and 2.7, respectively. This study highlights the importance of hemicellulases for the synergistic degradation of complex lignocellulose. The inclusion of a mannanase in an enzyme consortium for biomass degradation should be examined further as this study suggests that it may play an important, although mostly overlooked, role in the synergistic saccharification of lignocellulose

    Comparative studies of Ochratoxin A (OTA) production by Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus ochraceus and Penicillium nordicum in Cocoa, Coffee and yeast extract sucrose agar

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    The study aims to investigate the concentration of ochratoxin A (OTA) produced in dry cocoa beans by Aspergillus ochraceus, A. niger and Penicillium nordicum over a period of twenty-four days on three growth substrates of Yeast Extract Sucrose Agar (YES), Coffee and Cocoa agar. Quantitative analysis of OTA contamination in the samples was determined with a validated High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) method with fluorescence detection by extraction with a mixture of 1.0 ml Dichloromethane and 1.0 ml of 1 % Acetic acid solution. OTA production by Aspergillus ochraceus in YES and Coffee media was high and more than observed in the Cocoa media. Highest levels of OTA produced during the growth of A. ochraceus in YES, Coffee and Cocoa media were 6.23, 8.09 and 2.29 ppm and occurred on day 23, 19 and 11 respectively. Although A. niger produced low levels of OTA in all the three media, YES and Coffee media were observed to support higher OTA production than Cocoa media. Maximum OTA concentration observed in YES media was 3.12 ppm on day 22. For Coffee media, 3.60 ppm occurred on day 15, while in Cocoa media3.10 ppm was recorded on day 23. The production of OTA by P. nordicum showed the same trend with higher levels observed using YES and Coffee media, as compared with Cocoa media. Maximum levels of OTA produced during the growth of P. nordicum in YES, Coffee and Cocoa media were 8.16, 8.96 and 0.84 ppm and occurred on day 7, 19 and 12 respectively. Cocoa substrate is not suitable to OTA production by A. ochreaceus as compared to YES and Coffee media which are more suitable to OTA production by A. niger and P. nordicum.Keywords : Ochratoxin A (OTA), HPTLC chromatography, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus niger, Penicilliumnordicum, cocoa, coffee

    Caractérisation physico-chimique et potentialités thérapeutiques du pois sucré (Cyperus esculentus L. (Cyperaceae))

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    Le pois sucrĂ© (Cyperus esculentus L. Cyperaceae) prĂ©sente des potentialitĂ©s insuffisamment exploitĂ©es sur le plan nutritionnel. Afin de contribuer Ă  la connaissance de ce produit, une enquĂȘte a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e auprĂšs d\'une frange de la population d\'Abidjan (CĂŽte d\'Ivoire). Des analyses physiques et chimiques ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©galement rĂ©alisĂ©es. GĂ©nĂ©ralement de couleur jaunĂątre, les tubercules prĂ©sentent une multiplicitĂ© de forme et de dimension avec parfois des tubercules noirĂątres considĂ©rĂ©s comme des mutants. Le tri des rĂ©coltes par flottaison dans l\'eau permet d\'obtenir des produits propres, dĂ©barrassĂ©s de toute impuretĂ©. Le tubercule renferme, sur le plan chimique, des protĂ©ines et des Ă©lĂ©ments minĂ©raux dans des proportions supĂ©rieures Ă  celles de certains aliments de base consommĂ©s en CĂŽte d\'Ivoire et ailleurs en Afrique. La consommation du pois sucrĂ© associĂ©e aux sources alimentaires existantes, s\'avĂšrerait bĂ©nĂ©fique pour les couches sociales souffrant de maladies liĂ©es Ă  une carence azotĂ©e. Les tubercules renferment Ă©galement des molĂ©cules chimiques tels que les stĂ©rols, les polyterpĂšnes et les alcaloĂŻdes qui sont des principes actifs utilisĂ©s dans le traitement de certaines pathologies humaines. La prĂ©sence de ces principes actifs expliquerait l\'utilisation de cette plante dans la pharmacopĂ©e traditionnelleCyperus esculentus tuber shows nutritional qualities not well exploited. In order to contribute to the knowledge of this product, a survey was undertaken among consumers living in Abidjan (CĂŽte d\'Ivoire). Some physical and chemical analyses were also carried out. Cyperus esculentus tuber is usually yellowish and has various dimensions and sizes with sometimes blackish tubers, considered as mutants. Compared to some of the staple food commonly used in CĂŽte d\'Ivoire and in Africa in general, Cyperus esculentus has higher proteins and minerals contents. The consumption of Cyperus esculentus tuber, combined with some of the existing food supplies should be beneficial to people suffering from nitrogen deficiency. Cyperus esculentus plant also contains multiple active substances like sterols, polyterpens and alcaloids. The presence of these active substances is the reason why Cyperus esculentus is used in traditional pharmacopaea Keywords: Cyperus esculentus, protĂ©ines, Ă©lĂ©ments minĂ©raux, carence azotĂ©e, principes actifs; Cyperus esculentus, protĂ©ins, mineral elements, nitrogen deficiency, active substances.Agronomie Africaine Vol. 17 (1) 2005: pp. 63-7

    CaractĂ©ristiques physico-chimiques et organoleptiques du CafĂ© robusta (Coffea canephora L.) en fonction des terroirs et des techniques culturales en CĂŽte d’Ivoire

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    L’étude de la qualitĂ© chimique et des caractĂ©ristiques sensorielles du cafĂ© robusta a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e en vue d’identifier des terroirs spĂ©cifiques de production de cafĂ© robusta en CĂŽte d’Ivoire. Des cafĂ©s robusta provenant d’Aboisso, d’Abengourou et de Divo ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s. Les rĂ©sultats montrent que les trois rĂ©gions constituent 3 terroirs distincts. A l’intĂ©rieur d’un mĂȘme terroir, les niveaux d’application des techniques culturales n’ont pas eu, en gĂ©nĂ©ral, une influence significative sur la composition du cafĂ©. Par contre, une analyse factorielle discriminante a permis de montrer que le terroir de Divo est trĂšs Ă©loignĂ© de celui d’Aboisso, celui d’Abengourou se situe entre ceux de Divo et d’Aboisso, mais avec une variabilitĂ© plus grande. En comparant les terroirs pour chaque constituant chimique analysĂ©, l’étude a montrĂ© que le cafĂ© d’Abengourou est relativement plus riche en cafĂ©ine (2,78 ± 0,23 %) suivi de celui d’Aboisso (2,45 ± 0,19 %) puis de Divo (2,34 ± 0,26 %), plus riche en acide chlorogĂ©nique (14,53 ± 0,38 %) suivi par celui de Divo (13,67 ± 0,65 %) puis d’Aboisso (13,25 ± 0,25 %). Enfin, les cafĂ©s provenant d’Abengourou et de Divo sont les plus riches en matiĂšre grasse avec respectivement 11,68 ± 0,38 % et 11,52 ± 0,58 %. L’analyse sensorielle rĂ©alisĂ©e sur les diffĂ©rentes prĂ©parations de cafĂ©s a montrĂ© que le cafĂ© robusta provenant de chaque terroir correspond Ă  un marchĂ© spĂ©cifique dans les pays importateurs.Mots-clĂ©s : CafĂ© robusta, terroirs, qualitĂ© chimique, caractĂ©ristiques sensorielles, CĂŽte d’Ivoire
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