Utilización de harina de pimiento morrón (capsicum annuum) en la elaboración de pan artesanal

The use of food wastes to enhance existing products such as breads by their nutritional properties, is a field that has become more popular within the years. Bell peppers (Capsicum annuum) are a rich source of fibre and carotenoids, also the increasing need of these nutrients are vital to reduce and prevent future diseases. Along this article, certain methods are employed in order to obtain the bell pepper flour and a 10 %, 15 % and 20 % substitution of wheat flour for bell pepper flour is made. The products were analysed to obtain their unique characteristics, resulting in the 10 % substitution being the best option for either acceptance and versatility in future markets. It showed a P value of 0.318 in relation to the protein content and a P value of 0.000 in relation to the fibre content.El uso de alimentos de desecho para enriquecer las propiedades de un producto como lo es el pan, mediante sus propiedades nutricionales es un área que ha ganado interés en los últimos años. El pimiento morrón (Capsicum annuum) es una rica fuente de fibra y carotenoides. La necesidad del consumo en los humanos de dichos fitonutrientes ha incrementado debido a sus propiedades preventivas. Diferentes métodos como deshidratación y molienda para la obtención de la harina de pimiento y para una realización de panes con diversos porcentajes de sustitución de harina de trigo común por harina de pimiento son mostrados. Sus características únicas mostraron aquel con un 10 % de sustitución como la mejor opción por su aceptación y versatilidad en futuros mercados. Se obtuvo un P valor de 0.318 con relación al contenido proteico mientras que para fibra se obtuvo un P valor de 0.000

Meta-Analyses of Factors Associated with Leptospirosis in Domestic Dogs

Factors related with leptospirosis in domestic dogs have been reported worldwide. The aims of this study were to identify factors associated with this disease described in different observational studies and to combine the coinciding factors in at least four studies using meta-analyses, to obtain a pooled odds ratio (OR) as measure of infection risk. A literature search was performed in electronic databases, electronic databases of specific journals and search engines to find studies published in English, Spanish and Portuguese available from January 1960 to January 2015. Two hundred and eighteen factors were identified in 31 publications including cross-sectional and case-control studies. Finally, independent meta-analyses were performed with six different variables, which included between 4 and 8 articles. The pooled OR indicated that the variables 'mixed-breed dogs', 'flooding occurrence in the habitat of the dog' and 'working dogs' were risk factors for leptospirosis, while 'being a dog less than 1 year old' was a protective factor however, all these associations were not statistically significant. Otherwise, the variables 'male dog' and 'urban dog' were statistically significant risk factors for infection. This study highlights the need for more formal studies on the epidemiology of canine leptospirosis. Nevertheless, the study revealed that some risk factors for infection coincided in different observational studies. These factors could be considered to raise suspicion about the disease, especially when there is a history of exposure to the bacteria

Risk factors for seropositivity to feline retroviruses among owned domestic cats in Valdivia, southern Chile

We identified risk factors associated with seropositivity to feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) or feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and the association between seropositivity to these retroviruses and the presence of clinical signs. Cats under veterinary care had lower risk of FeLV seropositivity and male cats had higher risk of FIV seropositivity. FeLV seropositive animals had higher odds of non-specific clinical signs and reproductive disorders. FIV seropositive cats had higher odds of buccal alterations. These findings are useful to obtain a first approach to identifying felines that need the application of diagnostic tests for retroviral infections

Leptospirosis in dogs and cats: epidemiology, clinical disease, zoonotic implications and prevention

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. The genus includes a large number of serovars that may be sheed in the urine of infected animals creating a highly infectious source of transmission. Numerous species of wild and domestic mammals act as maintenance hosts and form reservoirs of the bacteria, with other species being incidental hosts that may develop the disease. In dogs and cats, the disease is caused by different serovars and while dogs act as maintenance host for some serovars, both species are incidental host for others. Dogs and cats may have frequent contact with wild and domestic farm animals, therefore they are an important link in the transmission route. Leptospira may survive in the environment which increases the complexity of the epidemiology. The presentation of the disease can be highly variable and, particularly for feline leptospirosis, not well described. Laboratory testing is essential for the diagnosis. however, it is complicated due to the need to discriminate between Leptospira infection in animals with clinical disease from leptospiral specific antibody responses in maintenance hosts, or in animals with subclinical infection. Infection in pets may have important economic and public health implications and because of the risk of transmission from pets to their owners and to other animals, preventive measures need to be applied and an increased awareness is advice

Serological Conversion for Anti-Leptospira Antibodies among Domestic Dogs from Southern Chile, A Prospective Study

Background: Infection by Leptospira is relevant in canine medicine. However, prospective studies about leptospirosis in dogs are scarce worldwide.Methods: A prospective study among owned domestic dogs from southern Chile was performed by the Microscopic Agglutination Test: 1) to estimate the rate of serological conversion for anti-Leptospira antibodies in a 6 to 9 month follow-up period, 2) to determine the reactive serovars and, 3) to measure antibody titers in seropositive dogs. There were two samplings: in the first, 192 animals were sampled and 50 re-sampled dogs constituted the second.Results: The rate of serological conversion in the follow-up period was 12.0% (95% Confidence Interval=2.9-21.0%). In the first sampling, the most reactive serovars were Ballum and Canicola. In the second sampling, the most reactive serovar was Icterohaemorragiae. In both samplings, the antibody titers ranged between 1:100 and 1:800, with predominance titers of 1:100 and 1:200. Conclusions: The relatively high rate of serological conversion suggests that the exposure to Leptospira in dogs is present in southern Chile, with a possible endemic presentation of the seropositivity. Preventive measures such as vaccination and to reduce the exposition of pet dogs to reservoirs of the bacteria must be taken, as well to increase the awareness about Leptospira infection among public health institutions, veterinary practitioners and dog owner

Solutions of the Hammerstein equations in $BV_\varphi(I_{a}^{b},\, \mathbb{R})

In this paper we study existence and uniqueness of solutions for the Hammerstein equation $$u(x)= v(x) + \lambda \int_{I_{a}^{b}}K(x,y)f(y,u(y))dy$$ \noi in the space of function of bounded total $\varphi$-variation in the sense of Hardy-Vitali-Tonelli, where $\lambda\in \mathbb{R}$, $K:I_a^b\times I_a^b \longrightarrow \mathbb{R}$ and $f:I_a^b\times \mathbb{R} \longrightarrow \mathbb{R}$ are suitable functions. The existence and uniqueness of solutions are proved by means of the Leray-Schauder nonlinear alternative and the Banach contraction mapping principle

Utilización de harina de pimiento morrón (capsicum annuum) en la elaboración de pan artesanal

The use of food wastes to enhance existing products such as breads by their nutritional properties, is a field that has become more popular within the years. Bell peppers (Capsicum annuum) are a rich source of fibre and carotenoids, also the increasing need of these nutrients are vital to reduce and prevent future diseases. Along this article, certain methods are employed in order to obtain the bell pepper flour and a 10 %, 15 % and 20 % substitution of wheat flour for bell pepper flour is made. The products were analysed to obtain their unique characteristics, resulting in the 10 % substitution being the best option for either acceptance and versatility in future markets. It showed a P value of 0.318 in relation to the protein content and a P value of 0.000 in relation to the fibre content.El uso de alimentos de desecho para enriquecer las propiedades de un producto como lo es el pan, mediante sus propiedades nutricionales es un área que ha ganado interés en los últimos años. El pimiento morrón (Capsicum annuum) es una rica fuente de fibra y carotenoides. La necesidad del consumo en los humanos de dichos fitonutrientes ha incrementado debido a sus propiedades preventivas. Diferentes métodos como deshidratación y molienda para la obtención de la harina de pimiento y para una realización de panes con diversos porcentajes de sustitución de harina de trigo común por harina de pimiento son mostrados. Sus características únicas mostraron aquel con un 10 % de sustitución como la mejor opción por su aceptación y versatilidad en futuros mercados. Se obtuvo un P valor de 0.318 con relación al contenido proteico mientras que para fibra se obtuvo un P valor de 0.000