980 research outputs found
Sex and gender differences in anticancer treatment toxicity - a call for revisiting drug dosing in oncology.
The practice of oncology has dramatically changed in the last decade with the introduction of molecular tumor profiling into routine tumor diagnostics and the extraordinary progress in immunotherapies. However, there remains an unmet need to explore personalized dosing strategies that take into account the patient's sex to optimize the balance between efficacy and toxicity for each individual patient. In this mini-review, we summarize the evidence on sex differences in toxicity of anticancer therapies and present data on dose reduction and dose discontinuation rates for selected chemotherapies and targeted therapies. Finally, we propose the investigation of body composition (specifically fat free muscle mass) as a viable approach for personalized treatment dosage
An Analysis of the Quantum Penny Flip Game using Geometric Algebra
We analyze the quantum penny flip game using geometric algebra and so
determine all possible unitary transformations which enable the player Q to
implement a winning strategy. Geometric algebra provides a clear visual picture
of the quantum game and its strategies, as well as providing a simple and
direct derivation of the winning transformation, which we demonstrate can be
parametrized by two angles. For comparison we derive the same general winning
strategy by conventional means using density matrices.Comment: 8 Pages, 1 Figure, accepted for publication in the Journal of
Physical Society of Japa
Can a Unruh Detector Feel a Cosmic String?
Unruh's detector calculation is used to study the effect of the defect angle
in a space-time with a cosmic string for both the excitation and
deexcitation cases. It is found that a rotating detector results in a non-zero
effect for both finite (small) and infinite (large) time
High resolution time-frequency analysis by fractional domain warping
A new algorithm is proposed to obtain very high resolution time-frequency analysis of signal components with curved time-frequency supports. The proposed algorithm is based on fractional Fourier domain warping concept introduced in this work. By integrating this warping concept to the recently developed directionally smoothed Wigner distribution algorithm [1], the high performance of that algorithm on linear, chirp-like components is extended to signal components with curved time-frequency supports. The main advantage of the algorithm is its ability to suppress not only the cross-cross terms, but also the auto-cross terms in the Wigner distribution. For a signal with N samples duration, the computational complexity of the algorithm is O(N log N) flops for each computed slice of the new time-frequency distribution
Efficient computation of joint fractional Fourier domain signal representation
A joint fractional domain signal representation is proposed based on an intuitive understanding from a time-frequency distribution of signals that designates the joint time and frequency energy content. The joint fractional signal representation (JFSR) of a signal is so designed that its projections onto the defining joint fractional Fourier domains give the modulus square of the fractional Fourier transform of the signal at the corresponding orders. We derive properties of the JFSR, including its relations to quadratic time-frequency representations and fractional Fourier transformations, which include the oblique projections of the JFSR. We present a fast algorithm to compute radial slices of the JFSR and the results are shown for various signals at different fractionally ordered domains. © 2008 Optical Society of America
Teleportation-based number state manipulation with number sum measurement
We examine various manipulations of photon number states which can be
implemented by teleportation technique with number sum measurement. The
preparations of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen resources as well as the number sum
measurement resulting in projection to certain Bell state may be done
conditionally with linear optical elements, i.e., beam splitters, phase
shifters and zero-one-photon detectors. Squeezed vacuum states are used as
primary entanglement resource, while single-photon sources are not required.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, Misprints are corrected. 3 figures for number sum
measurement are added. Discussion on manipulations are expanded. Calculations
for success probabilities are added. Fig.4 is adde
Particle Creation If a Cosmic String Snaps
We calculate the Bogolubov coefficients for a metric which describes the
snapping of a cosmic string. If we insist on a matching condition for all times
{\it and} a particle interpretation, we find no particle creation.Comment: 10 pages, MRC.PH.17/9
Exciton entanglement in two coupled semiconductor microcrystallites
Entanglement of the excitonic states in the system of two coupled
semiconductor microcrystallites, whose sizes are much larger than the Bohr
radius of exciton in bulk semiconductor but smaller than the relevant optical
wavelength, is quantified in terms of the entropy of entanglement. It is
observed that the nonlinear interaction between excitons increases the maximum
values of the entropy of the entanglement more than that of the linear coupling
model. Therefore, a system of two coupled microcrystallites can be used as a
good source of entanglement with fixed exciton number. The relationship between
the entropy of the entanglement and the population imbalance of two
microcrystallites is numerically shown and the uppermost envelope function for
them is estimated by applying the Jaynes principle.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figure
Optomechanically-Induced Transparency in partiy-time-symmetric microresonators
Optomechanically-induced transparency (OMIT) and the associated slowing of
light provide the basis for storing photons in nanoscale devices. Here we study
OMIT in parity-time (PT)-symmetric microresonators with a tunable gain-to-loss
ratio. This system features a reversed, non-amplifying transparency, i.e., an
inverted-OMIT. When the gain-to-loss ratio is varied, the system exhibits a
transition from a PT-symmetric phase to a broken-PT-symmetric phase. This
PT-phase transition results in the reversal of the pump and gain dependence of
the transmission rates. Moreover, we show that by tuning the pump power at a
fixed gain-to-loss ratio, or the gain-to-loss ratio at a fixed pump power, one
can switch from slow to fast light and vice versa. These findings provide new
tools for controlling light propagation using nanofabricated phononic devices.Comment: 30 pages, 6 figures; to be published in Scientific Reports (2015
Vacuum Fluctuations of a massless spin-1/2 field around multiple cosmic strings
We study the interaction of a massless quantized spinor field with the
gravitational filed of N parallel static cosmic strings by using a perturbative
approach. We show that the presence of more than one cosmic string gives rise
to an additional contribution to the energy density of vacuum fluctuations,
thereby leading to a vacuum force attraction between two parallel cosmic
strings.Comment: Class. Quantum Grav. 14(1997) 321
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