A biológiai kezelés során bekövetkező hatásvesztés gyakorisága, okai és klinikai megközelítése gyulladásos bélbetegségek esetén = Epidemiology, Predictors and Clinical Aspects of Loss of Response to Biological Therapy

In the last two decades, the treatment paradigms for Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis have significantly changed inclusive of a continuously increasing role of biological therapy (anti TNFs). Some patients, however, experience lack or loss of response to biological treatment, and in such cases the management of patients is often empirical. In this review, the authors aim to summarize the available data regarding epidemiology and predictors of loss of response to biological therapy considering the clinical factors and the relationship between serum concentrations, antibodies against biological agents, respectively. Monitoring drug levels and antibodies is expected to play an important role in the management of loss of response (i.e. to confirm adherence, allow dose adjustment, or provide rationale for switching to another biological agent or to a different class of biological agent) in the coming years. The optimal method of detection and cut-off values are, however, not clear. In clinical practice, meticulous complex assessment of clinical symptoms, confirmation of active disease by endoscopic or radiological imaging, and excluding complications remain necessary. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 163–173. </jats:p

Does dermatitis herpetiformis result in bone loss as coeliac disease does? A cross sectional study

Introduction and objectives: coeliac disease (CD) and its cutaneous manifestation, dermatitis herpetiformis are both (DH) gluten-sensitive diseases. Metabolic bone disease is common among patients with CD, even in asymptomatic forms. Data are scarce about bone density in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. The aim of our study was to compare bone mineral density (BMD) of celiac and dermatitis herpetiformis patients. Methods: 34 coeliac patients, 53 with dermatitis herpetiformis and 42 healthy controls were studied. The mean age was 38.0 ± 12.1, 32.18 ± 14.95, 35.33 ± 10.41 years in CD, dermatitis herpetiformis, and healthy controls, respectively. Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine, the left femoral neck and radius were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Low bone density, osteopenia and osteoporosis were defined as a body mass density (BMD) T-score between 0 and -1, between -1 and -2.5, and under -2.5, respectively. Results: at lumbar region, consisting of dominantly trabecular compartment, a decreased BMD was detected in 49 % (n = 26) patients with dermatitis herpetiformis, 62 % (n = 21) of CD patients, and 29 % (n = 12) of healthy controls, respectively. Lower BMD were measured at the lumbar region in dermatitis herpetiformis and CD compared to healthy subjects (0.993 ± 0.136 g/cm² and 0.880 ± 0.155 g/cm² vs. 1.056 ± 0.126 g/cm²; p < 0.01). Density of bones consisting of dominantly cortical compartment (femoral neck) did not differ in dermatitis herpetiformis and healthy subjects. Conclusions: our results show that a low bone mass is also frequent among patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Bone mineral content in these patients is significantly lower in those parts of the skeleton which contain more trabecular than cortical bone

Low bone mass in microscopic colitis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Microscopic colitis presents with similar symptoms to classic inflammatory bowel diseases. Osteoporosis is a common complication of Crohn's disease but there are no data concerning bone metabolism in microscopic colitis.</p> <p>Aims</p> <p>The aim of the present study was to evaluate bone density and metabolism in patients with microscopic colitis.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Fourteen patients microscopic colitis were included in the study, and 28 healthy persons and 28 age and gender matched Crohn's disease patients were enrolled as controls. Bone mineral density was measured using dual x-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar spine, femoral neck and the radius. Serum bone formation and bone resorption markers (osteocalcin and beta-crosslaps, respectively) were measured using immunoassays.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Low bone mass was measured in 57.14% patients with microscopic colitis. Bone mineral density at the femoral neck in patients suffering from microscopic colitis and Crohn's disease was lower than in healthy controls (0.852 ± 0.165 and 0.807 ± 0.136 vs. 1.056 ± 0.126 g/cm²; p < 0.01). Bone mineral density at the non-dominant radius was decreased in microscopic colitis patients (0.565 ± 0.093 vs. 0.667 ± 0.072 g/cm²; p < 0.05) but unaffected in Crohn's disease patients (0.672 ± 0.056 g/cm²). Mean beta-crosslaps concentration was higher in microscopic colitis and Crohn's disease patients than controls (417.714 ± 250.37 and 466.071 ± 249.96 vs. 264.75 ± 138.65 pg/ml; p < 0.05). A negative correlation between beta-crosslaps concentration and the femoral and radius t-scores was evident in microscopic colitis patients.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Low bone mass is frequent in microscopic colitis, and alterations to bone metabolism are similar to those present in Crohn's disease. Therefore, microscopic colitis-associated osteopenia could be a significant problem in such patients.</p

Clinical relevance of changes in bone metabolism in inflammatory bowel disease

Low bone mineral density is an established, frequent, but often neglected complication in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Data regarding the diagnosis, therapy and follow-up of low bone mass in IBD has been partially extrapolated from postmenopausal osteoporosis; however, the pathophysiology of bone loss is altered in young patients with IBD. Fracture, a disabling complication, is the most important clinical outcome of low bone mass. Estimation of fracture risk in IBD is difficult. Numerous risk factors have to be considered, and these factors should be weighed properly to help in the identification of the appropriate patients for screening. In this editorial, the authors aim to highlight the most important clinical aspects of the epidemiology, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of IBD-related bone loss

A gyermekkori asztma prevalenciájának alakulása Baranya megyében 2003 és 2006 között = Prevalence of childhood asthma in Baranya County, Hungary: two surveys over 3 years

A gyermekkori asztma, allergiás rhinitis és atópiás dermatitis prevalenciája világszerte folyamatosan emelkedett az elmúlt évtizedekben. A legfrissebb közlések az emelkedő tendencia megváltozásáról, plató kialakulásáról vagy csökkenésről számolnak be. A szerzők 2003 után 2006-ban is meghatározták az asztma és asztmatünetek prevalenciáját Baranya megyei iskolás gyermekek körében, hogy regisztrálják az esetleges változásokat. Vizsgálati anyag, módszer: Munkájukhoz az ISAAC (International Study for Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) III. fázisú protokoll magyar nyelvre fordított kérdőívét használták. 2006 februárjában 16 általános iskolában (6 nagyvárosi és 10 kisvárosi, falusi) 2404 (1124 fiú, 1280 lány) 6–7 és 13–14 éves gyermek adatait gyűjtötték össze, és értékelték, illetőleg az adatokat a 2003-ban végzett ISAAC I. fázisú protokoll szerinti felmérés eredményeihez viszonyították. Eredmények: A valaha előfordult asztmás nehézlégzés és az orvos által megállapított asztma prevalenciája nem változott szignifikánsan (2006-ban 20,2% és 6,7%, 2003-ban 19,8% és 8,2%), míg a legutóbbi 12 hónapban előforduló asztmás nehézlégzés aránya szignifikánsan emelkedett (2006-ban 9,6% és 2003-ban 6,8%). A várakozásnak megfelelően, 2006-ban éppúgy, mint 2003-ban, a fiúk és a 6–7 évesek körében szignifikánsan magasabb volt a prevalencia, mint a lányok és a 13–14 évesek körében. 2006-ban és 2003-ban nem volt szignifikáns különbség a nagyvárosi és a kisebb települések iskolás gyermekeinek asztma- és asztmatüneti prevalenciájában. Következtetés: Baranya megyében az iskolás gyermekek körében a legutóbbi 12 hónapban előforduló asztmás nehézlégzés prevalenciája szignifikánsan emelkedett a vizsgált periódusban, a valaha előforduló asztmás nehézlégzés és az orvos által megállapított asztma prevalenciája nem változott. Introduction: The prevalence of bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis (AD) in children has constantly and significantly increased worldwide in the past decades. Recent publications, however, reported a moderate decrease or levelling off in this parameter. The authors estimated the prevalence of bronchial asthma and asthmatic complaints among schoolchildren in Baranya county in the years 2003 and 2006 in order to register the possible changes. Materials and methods: Both surveys were carried out by means of identical questionnaires which were consistent with the ISAAC Phase III. protocol. The data were collected in 16 primary schools (6 in a city, 10 in small settlements and villages) in February 2006. Finally 2404 questionnaires (1124 boys, 1280 girls) in two age groups, among 6–7 and 13–14-year-old children were processed and compared to the data derived from the survey done in 2003. Results: The prevalence of the “wheezing-ever” and “physician diagnosed asthma” did not change during the observation period (2006: 20.2% and 6.7%; 2003: 19.8% and 8.2%) but there was a significant increase in the frequency of “wheezing in the last 12 months” (2006: 9.6%; 2003: 6.8%). As expected, significantly higher prevalence rates were detected among boys and in the 6–7-year-old age group than among girls and in the 13–14-year-old age group in both surveys. There was no significant difference in the two surveys in the prevalence of bronchial asthma and asthmatic signs between children from a city and from small settlements. Conclusion: During the observation period of three years there was a significant increase “wheezing in the last 12 months”, but the prevalence of “wheezing-ever” as well as the “physician-diagnosed asthma” remained unchanged

A gyomor polypoid képleteinek gyakorisága egy endoszkópos centrumban [Prevalence of gastric polypoid lesions in a single endoscopic centre]

Background: The prevalence of gastric polyps is unknown in Hungary. Aim: The aim of the authors was to assess the prevalence of polypoid lesions of the stomach in the endoscopic centre of the 2nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University. Methods: Results of upper gastrointestinal endoscopies carried out between March 2010 and June 2011 were analysed. Results: 193 cases with polyps were diagnosed in 4174 endoscopies (4.62%). Hyperplastic polyps, fundic gland polyps and malignant lesion were detected in 33.67%, 31.09% and 2.07% of the cases, respectively. Proton pump inhibitor use was more frequent among patients diagnosed with fundus gland polyps (p = 0.007), while hyperplastic polyps were diagnosed more frequently in patients with chronic gastritis (p = 0.032). Conclusions: The frequency of gastric polyps was higher than expected from data published in the literature. Long-term proton pump-inhibitor use and chronic gastritis were associated with fundus gland and hyperplastic polyps, respectively

D-vitamin-szint mérése hazai gyulladásos bélbetegekben [Vitamin D level in Hungarian patients with inflammatory bowel diseases]

Introduction: Vitamin D has an important role in the immune regulation. Vitamin D is essential for innate and adaptive immune systems and it plays a significant role in the formation of immune tolerance, as well. Aim: Vitamin D deficiency has been observed in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases in Western Europe, but there is no data available from Eastern Europe. Method: The study included 169 patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Results: The median vitamin D level was 22.7+/-10.6 ng/ml. Only 20% of the patients had adequate vitamin D level (>30 ng/ml), 52% had vitamin D insufficiency (15-30 ng/ml), and 28% of them had severe vitamin D deficiency (<15 ng/ml). Vitamin D concentration failed to correlate with clinical activity indexes (partial Mayo score: r = -0.143; Crohn's disease activity index: r = -0.253) and with inflammatory parameters (C-reactive protein: r = 0.008; erythrocyte sedimentation rate: r = 0.012). Conclusions: Since vitamin D deficiency can be frequently observed in Hungarian patients with inflammatory bowel disease, its level should be tested in these patients. Orv. Hetil., 154(46), 1821-1828