Solutioin of Poisson's Equation in Electrostatic Particle-on-cell Simulation

In electrostatic Particle-in-Cell simulations of the HEMP-DM3a ion thruster the role of different solution strategies for Poisson?s equation was investigated. The direct solution method of LU decomposition is compared to a stationary iterative method, the successive over-relaxation solver. Results and runtime of solvers were compared, and an outlook on further improvements and developments is presented

Influence of Electron Sources on the Near-field Plume in a Multistage Plasma Thruster

n order to obtain a better understanding of the near-field plume of a multistage plasma thruster, the influence of an external electron source is investigated by Particle-In-Cell simulations. The variation of the source position showed a strong influence of the magnetic field configuration on the electron distribution and therefore on the plume plasma. In the second part of this work, higher energetic electrons were injected in order to model collision-induced diffusion in the plume. This broadens the electron distribution, which leads to a more pronounced divergence angle in the angular ion distribution

Particle-in-cell Simulation Concerning Heat-flux Mitigation Using Electromagnetic Fields

The Particle-in-Cell (PIC) method was used to study heat flux mitigation experiments with argon. In the experiment it was shown that a magnetic field allows to reduce the heat flux towards a target. PIC is well-suited for plasma simulation, giving the chance to get a better basic understanding of the underlying physics. The simulation demonstrates the importance of a self-consistent neutral-plasma description to understand the effect of heat flux reduction

Vertical day-night distribution of the salp Soestia zonaria in the temperate Northeast Atlantic and the Southwest Pacific over the Chatham Rise

Although the oceanic widespread pelagic tunicate Soestia zonaria has been studied for more than a century, little ecological information exists. Soestia primarily occurs in tropical to warm-temperate regions. Soestia specimens were collected for this study between 2008 and 2021 during four research expeditions (EXPORTS cruise to the Northeast Atlantic and TAN0806, TAN1516, and TAN1810 over the Chatham Rise, New Zealand) using MOCNESS-1 net and large midwater trawl with maximum sampling depths of 1000 m. In total, 555 Soestia specimens (oral-atrial length: 6–68 mm) were analysed for biomass parameters (wet weight, dry weight, ash-free dry weight, water content, organic content), stoichiometry (carbon and nitrogen content, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio), and vertical distribution (weighted mean depths (WMD) during the day and night, and migration distance). Soestia's water content ranged from 94.0 to 98.5%, while their organic content (ash-free dry weight % dry weight) varied between 19.0 and 48.8%. Carbon and nitrogen contents were 9.3–27.6% and 1.5–4.8% of the dry weight, respectively. Molar carbon-to-nitrogen ratios varied between 5.1 and 8.9. Depth-layer specific abundances never exceeded 316 ind. 1000 m-3. Soestia was primarily distributed in the top 150 m during the nighttime and migrated downward during the daytime, reaching a maximum WMD of 444 m

Elemental composition and organic content of the salp Soestia zonaria in the temperate Northeast Atlantic and the Southwest Pacific over the Chatham Rise

Although the oceanic widespread pelagic tunicate Soestia zonaria has been studied for more than a century, little ecological information exists. Soestia primarily occurs in tropical to warm-temperate regions. Soestia specimens were collected for this study between 2008 and 2021 during four research expeditions (EXPORTS cruise to the Northeast Atlantic and TAN0806, TAN1516, and TAN1810 over the Chatham Rise, New Zealand) using MOCNESS-1 net and large midwater trawl with maximum sampling depths of 1000 m. In total, 555 Soestia specimens (oral-atrial length: 6–68 mm) were analysed for biomass parameters (wet weight, dry weight, ash-free dry weight, water content, organic content), stoichiometry (carbon and nitrogen content, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio), and vertical distribution (weighted mean depths (WMD) during the day and night, and migration distance). Soestia's water content ranged from 94.0 to 98.5%, while their organic content (ash-free dry weight % dry weight) varied between 19.0 and 48.8%. Carbon and nitrogen contents were 9.3–27.6% and 1.5–4.8% of the dry weight, respectively. Molar carbon-to-nitrogen ratios varied between 5.1 and 8.9. Depth-layer specific abundances never exceeded 316 ind. 1000 m-3. Soestia was primarily distributed in the top 150 m during the nighttime and migrated downward during the daytime, reaching a maximum WMD of 444 m

Global literature database for freshwater jellyfish research between 1880 and 2023

Freshwater jellyfish (FWJ) research has historically been hampered by several factors, including but not limited to: focus on one life cycle stage, diversity of publication languages (numerous national languages), and regional bias, with results scattered across many sources. In this database, we attempted to compile all globally available literature pieces, i.e., peer-reviewed papers, reviews, notes, book chapters, and some grey literature published between 1880 and September 2023, but excluding newspaper articles, symposium and conference contributions, theses, and dissertations. The database contains information on three FWJ genera (Astrohydra, Craspedacusta, Limnocnida) totalling 697 entries. Other, less studied, taxonomically doubtful, and/or regionally restricted FWJ, salt lake, and low-saline tolerant genera (Australomedusa, Halmomises, Keralica, Mansariella, Moerisia) were not included. This database will enable investigators to systematically and comprehensively search for published research advancing the field of FWJ