6 research outputs found
On the debate about teleology in biology: the notion of "teleological obstacle"
Among the epistemological obstacles described by Gaston Bachelard, we contend that unitary and pragmatic knowledge is correlated to the teleological categories of Ernst Mayr and is the basis for prevailing debate on the notion of "function" in biology. Given the proximity of the aspects highlighted by these authors, we propose to associate the role of teleological thinking in biology and the notion of unitary and pragmatic knowledge as an obstacle to scientific knowledge. Thus, teleological thinking persists acting as an epistemological obstacle in biology, according to Bachelardian terminology. Our investigation led us to formulate the "teleological obstacle," which we consider important for the future of biology and possibly other sciences
Identificação de concepçÔes antropomórficas, teleológicas e vitalistas entre participantes de uma reunião anual da SBBq
The aim of this work was to identify epistemological obstacles amongst participants of XXXIX Annual Meeting of Brazilian Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. A questionnaire with selected excerpts of scientific papers from high impact factor journals was answered by 97 participants of this annual meeting (39 under-graduates, 42 graduate students, and 16 professors and researchers). From Bachelardâs notion of teleological obstacle, it was possible to identify vitalist conceptions (animism), teleological approaches of the evolution processes, expressed in apologies of immanent purposes in organismsâ adaptation, and an anthropomorphic vision of the biological processes under evaluation in the answers and also in the acceptance or not recognition of these obstacles in the excerpts. The presence of figures of speech, metaphors and analogies (verbal obstacle) were verified in explaining the evolution and the immune system, also present in the excerpts.Neste trabalho, buscou-se identificar obstĂĄculos epistemolĂłgicos entre os presentes na XXXIX ReuniĂŁo Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de BioquĂmica e Biologia Molecular (SBBq). Um questionĂĄrio com perguntas e excertos de artigos cientĂficos de revistas de alto fator de impacto foi respondido por 97 presentes (39 estudantes de iniciação cientĂfica, 42 pĂłs-graduandos e 16 professores e pesquisadores). A partir da noção de obstĂĄculo epistemolĂłgico proposta por Bachelard, foi possĂvel identificar concepçÔes vitalistas (animismo), concepçÔes teleolĂłgicas dos processos evolutivos, em afirmaçÔes como a existĂȘncia de objetivos/finalidades na adaptação dos organismos, assim como uma visĂŁo antropomĂłrfica dos processos biolĂłgicos em avaliação, tanto nas respostas Ă s perguntas como na aceitação ou nĂŁo identificação destes obstĂĄculos nos excertos. Verificou-se a presença de figuras de linguagem, metĂĄforas e analogias (obstĂĄculo verbal) na explicação da evolução e do sistema imune, tambĂ©m presentes nos excertos dos artigos
Classical Swine Fever in Brazil: study for the survey of classical swine fever outbreaks in Brazil from 1978 to 2004/ <br> Peste SuĂna ClĂĄssica no Brasil: estudo para a avaliação dos surtos de peste suĂna clĂĄssica no Brasil de 1978 a 2004
The programs developed in Brazil with the aim to control and eradicate swine fever provided an opportunity for the survey of Classical Swine Fever (CSF) outbreaks. Were concerned CSF official programs, strategies and results, during 26 years. Based in epizootic official data we showed that the number of CSF outbreaks from 1978 to 2004 drastically decreased in all country, although different eradicating strategies were applied in those official programs, especially in fourteen States of âCSF Free Zoneâ. Were evaluated both CSF official programs: Swine Pests Combat Program (SPCP) from 1984 to 1991 and CSF Eradication and Control Program (CSFECP) from 1992 to 2004 by the decreasing of CSF outbreaks number. Considering the technical evolution in swine production systems, statistical analysis to compare the ranking of CSF outbreaks in each program was performed by Mann-Whitney test, that showed at 95% confidence level (Table T) a significant difference (p< 0.05) between programs, as suggested in CSF outbreaks profile plotted diagram. The number of CSF outbreaks occurred from 2000â2004 in âCSF-infectedâ and âCSFfreeâ zones, was analyzed. Also, we regarded with most important recent CSF outbreak in Brazil occurred in 1997, during CSFECP, that was figured out by stamping out measures without appealing to preventive vaccination regimen. Those results suggest that the efficacy of implemented CSF eradication programs depends on the continuity of defined strategies as rigorous vigilance, notification, virus diagnostic screening and sanitary police measures in order to enable quick and adequate action upon CSFV detection.<p><p>Os programas oficiais para o controle e erradicação de pestes suĂnas forneceram uma oportunidade de levantar o perfil de ocorrĂȘncia da Peste SuĂna ClĂĄssica (PSC). Independente das estratĂ©gias aplicadas durante 26 anos foi demonstrado que o nĂșmero de surtos de PSC de 1978 atĂ© 2004 caiu drasticamente em todo paĂs, especialmente nos quatorze Estados inclusos na âZona Livre de PSCâ. O estudo comparou o nĂșmero de surtos de PSC durante a vigĂȘncia do Programa de Combate Ă s Pestes SuĂnas (PCPS) de 1984 a 1991 e o Programa de Controle e Erradicação da PSC (PCEPSC) de 1992 a 2004. Considerando a evolução tecnolĂłgica nos sistemas de produção de suĂnos, a diferença nos resultados obtidos apĂłs a implementação de cada programa foi avaliada pelo teste estatĂstico Mann Whitney por meio da ordenação do nĂșmero de surtos ocorridos. Essa anĂĄlise demonstrou uma diferença significativa (p< 0,05) entre os programas no nĂvel de confiança de 95% (Tabela T) com havia sido sugerido pelo diagrama do perfil de ocorrĂȘncia da PSC. A eficĂĄcia do PCEPSC para debelar o mais importante surto de PSC ocorrido recentemente no Brasil, em 1997, tambĂ©m foi considerada. Paralelamente, o nĂșmero de surtos ocorridos de 2000 a 2004 nas ĂĄreas infectadas com a PSC e na zona livre de PSC foi avaliado. Os resultados sugerem que a eficĂĄcia dos programas de erradicação depende da continuidade das estratĂ©gias definidas como a vigilĂąncia rigorosa, notificação, rastreamento do vĂrus e medidas sanitĂĄrias que agilizem a ação no momento de detecção de vĂrus da PSC