2 nd Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease, 2015

Abstract Chagas disease is a neglected chronic condition with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. It has considerable psychological, social, and economic impacts. The disease represents a significant public health issue in Brazil, with different regional patterns. This document presents the evidence that resulted in the Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease. The objective was to review and standardize strategies for diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of Chagas disease in the country, based on the available scientific evidence. The consensus is based on the articulation and strategic contribution of renowned Brazilian experts with knowledge and experience on various aspects of the disease. It is the result of a close collaboration between the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine and the Ministry of Health. It is hoped that this document will strengthen the development of integrated actions against Chagas disease in the country, focusing on epidemiology, management, comprehensive care (including families and communities), communication, information, education, and research

Características físicas e fisiológicas na qualidade industrial de cultivares e linhagens de trigo e triticale

The physical, physiological and rheological characteristics of cultivars and lines of wheat CD (COODETEC) 103, 104, 105, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111 and CD 2017 and CDFAPA 2036 lines and triticale (EMBRAPA 53), for quality of flour for bread making were studied. The weight of hectliter (HW), weight of thousand grains (WTG), percentage of germination, total protein and farinography, in a completely randomized experimental design, with four repetitions, except the farinography (with two repetitions) were analyzed. The means obtained were compared by the Scott Knott test at 5%. The cultivars were different regarding the tested parameters. The PH value were compatible for commercialization, but not always the higher PH value corresponded to the greater weight of thousand grains. Only the CD 108 and 111 cultivars may be destine for French bread considering the stability parameter. About the index of tolerance for the mixture, the cultivars and lines were not different, but only the flour of 2017 line would attend the values that were established for French bread-making and fermented cookies. The CD 104, 108 and 11 cultivars and the CD 2017 and CDFAPA 2036 line obtained the ideal index also for fermented cookies. The cultivars which presented better weight of thousand grain gave the best index of tolerance for the mixture. There was no positive relation between total protein and the farinography

Índices de vegetação no milho em função da hora do dia e da taxa de nitrogênio aplicada Vegetation indices in the maize as a function of hour of the day and the applied rate of nitrogen

Métodos têm sido propostos visando à melhoraria da administração de nitrogênio (N) e, simultaneamente, ao aumento de produtividade com a proteção do meio ambiente, diminuindo a concentração de nitratos no solo e na água, em que um deles, a agricultura de precisão, consiste na aplicação localizada dos insumos agrícolas em função da necessidade específica local. Neste contexto, a medição da reflectância espectral foliar da planta se apresenta como método promissor para o sensoriamento instantâneo da deficiência de N em milho, através do cálculo de índices de vegetação; entretanto, não são bem conhecidas as características da interação das plantas com a radiação solar. Avaliou-se, neste trabalho, o comportamento dos índices de vegetação em relação à hora do dia e da taxa de nitrogênio aplicada. Seis índices diferentes foram estudados: relação infravermelho próximo/vermelho (IVP/V), relação infravermelho próximo/verde (IVP/Verde), índice de vegetação de diferença normalizada (IVDN), índice verde de vegeta��ão da diferença normalizada (IVVDN), índice de vegetação ajustado ao solo (IVAS) e índice aperfeiçoado de vegetação ajustado ao solo (IAVAS). Quando analisados apenas os dados coletados em torno do meio dia solar, os índices que apresentaram a menor dispersão dos resultados foram o IVDN e o IAVAS, enquanto para dados tomados durante todo o dia os índices que indicaram melhor explicação da variabilidade foram o IVAS e o IAVAS.<br>Methods have been proposed seeking to improve the application of nitrogen (N) simultaneously with yield increase and environmental protection, reducing the nitrate concentration in the soil and in the water. One of these methods, precision agriculture consists of the site-specific application of the agricultural inputs as a function of the local need. In this context, the measurement of the spectral leaf reflectance shows itseif as a promising method for the instantaneous remote sensing of deficiency of N in corn through the calculations of vegetation indexes. However, the characteristics of the interaction of the plants with the solar radiation are not well known. This work evaluated the behavior of the vegetation indexes in relation to the hour of the day and the applied nitrogen rate. Six different indexes were studied: relationship near-infrared/red (NIR/red), relationship near-infrared/green (NIR/green), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI), soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) and optimized soil adjusted vegetation index (OSAVI). When only the data collected around the half solar day weve analized, the indexes that presented the lowest dispersion results were NDVI and OSAVI. For data collected during the whole day the indexes that presented better explanation of the variability were SAVI and OSAVI