7 research outputs found
Cardiac ischemia and reperfusion in spontaneously diabetic rats with and without application of EGb 761, I. cardiomyocytes
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is known to result
in increased mortality after ischemic events.
Permanently increased oxidative stress with formation of
oxygen-free radicals plays a key role in the development
of specific heart muscle disease. Associated lesions
include structural alterations to cardiomyocytes.
Antioxidative treatment in addition to the usual insulin
substitution would seem sensible in preventing or
delaying long-term diabetic complications and
protecting the myocardium against acute ischemic
events. We investigated the effects of radical scavenger
Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 against diabetes-induced
damage to cardiomyocytes and additional ischemia/
reperfusion injury in spontaneously diabetic
BioBreeding/Ottawa Karlsburg (BB/OK) rats, as a
model of diabetic myocardium infarction. Morphological
and morphometric parameters of heart muscles were
analyzed by light and electron-microscopic techniques.
We used immunohistochemistry to evaluate parameters
of oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase [SOD]) and
inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein
expression. Our results indicated that A) Diabetic
myocardium appears more vulnerable to ischemia/
reperfusion damage concerning ultrastructure of
cardiomyocytes (sarcomeres, vacuoles, mitochondria), expression of antioxidative enzymes (CuZnSOD,
MnSOD), and iNOS than normal myocardium; B) Pretreatment
of diabetic myocardium with EGb and
additional ischemia/reperfusion leads to a relative
improvement in myocardial ultrastructure compared to
unprotected myocardium. In summary, EGb appears to
be promising as an adjuvant therapeutic drug in diabetics
with respect to ischemic myocardium injury. It may
contribute to the prevention of late diabetic
complications in diabetic cardiomyopathy
Cardiac ischemia and reperfusion in spontaneously diabetic rats with and without application of EGb 761: II. Interstitium and microvasculature
Besides alterations in cardiomyocytes
themselves, diabetic cardiopathy is characterized by
interstitial and microvascular disorders. On the
assumption that a specific heart muscle disease develops
due to permanently increased oxidative stress on
liberation of oxygen-free radicals, adjuvant application
of antioxidative therapeutics appears promising in
preventing or delaying long-term diabetic complications
and protecting the myocardium against acute ischemia.
We have investigated the effects of Ginkgo biloba
extract (EGb 761), a radical scavenger, against diabetesinduced
myocardial interstitium and microvasculature
damage, and against additional ischemia/reperfusion
injury in spontaneously diabetic BioBreeding/Ottawa
Karlsburg (BB/OK) rats modelling diabetic cardiac
infarction. Morphological and morphometric parameters
in the heart muscle were evaluated by light and electron
microscope. We used immunohistochemistry to
investigate collagen protein expression as a marker for
tissue remodelling together with endothelial nitric oxide
synthase (eNOS) protein expression as a marker for
endothelial-dependent vasodilation. We also evaluated
inflammation response caused by neuropeptide
Substance P and interacting mast cells in the diabetic
heart. Our results revealed that A) Diabetic myocardium
appears more vulnerable to ischemia/reperfusion injury
than normal myocardium with regard to myocardial
interstitium and microvessel ultrastructure, as well as
eNOS protein expression; B) Inflammation response
increases in diabetic animals exposed to
ischemia/reperfusion injury compared to controls; C)
Pre-treatment of diabetic myocardium with EGb results in an improvement of impaired endothelial-dependent
vasodilation in diabetes and additional ischemia/
reperfusion, diminished mast cell and substance P
accumulation, and better preserved myocardial
ultrastructure compared to unprotected myocardium. In
conclusion, EGb may act as a potent therapeutic
adjuvant in diabetics with respect to ischemic
myocardial injury, and may contribute to preventing late
complications in diabetic cardiopathy
Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in spontaneously diabetic rats with and without application of EGb 761
Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy causes
abnormalities in the diabetic heart with various clinical
sequelae, including exercise intolerance, arrhythmias
and painless myocardial infarction. Little is known about
(ultra)structural alterations of the myocardial nervous
network. On the assumption that this diabetes-specific
neuropathy develops due to permanently increased
oxidative stress by liberation of oxygen-free radicals,
adjuvant application of antioxidative therapeutics
appears promising in preventing or delaying long-term
diabetic complications. We have investigated the effects
of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761), a radical scavenger,
against diabetes-induced myocardial nervous damage in
spontaneously diabetic BioBreeding/Ottawa Karlsburg
(BB/OK) rats. Morphological and morphometric
parameters were evaluated by electron microscopy. We
used immunohistochemistry to investigate protein
expression of protein gene product 9.5, S100 protein,
and thyroxin hydroxylase as a neuronal marker.
Alterations of cardiac sympathetic activity were
measured using the in vivo 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine
imaging, and the immunofluorescent labeling
of beta1-adrenergic receptors and adenylate cyclase. Our
results revealed that A) Diabetes results in slight to
moderate ultrastructural alterations (hydrops,
disintegration of substructure) of autonomic nerve fibers
and related Schwann cells in untreated BB diabetic rats;
B) Cardiac sympathetic integrity and activity is impaired
due to alterations in the presynaptic nerve terminals and
the postsynaptic ß1-AR-AC coupling system; C) Pretreatment
of diabetic myocardium with EGb results in an
improvement of most of these parameters compared to
unprotected myocardium. In conclusion, EGb may act as
a potent therapeutic adjuvant in diabetics with respect to
cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, which may
contribute to the prevention of late complications in
diabetes