3 research outputs found
Finns det nÄgra samband mellan skogsmarkens status och förekomsten av Geranium bohemicum pÄ brandomrÄden?
Geranium bohemicum Àr en brandgynnad art som etablerar sig efter skogsbrÀnder frÄn en lÄnglivad fröbank. Sent i juli Är 2014 startade en brand i VÀstmanlands lÀn som skulle komma att bli den största pÄ mer Àn 100 Är i Sverige. Trots stora ekonomiska förluster och förödelse gav branden vÀrdefullt substrat för G. bohemicum att vÀxa och frodas i. För att ta reda pÄ hur G. bohemicums utbredningsmönster ser ut och vad som kan ligga bakom krÀvs en kartlÀggning av G. bohemicum och en analys av skogsmarken. Min hypotes var att G. bohemicum förmodligen krÀver mera nÀringsrik mark. Gran Àr normalt sett Àr det trÀdslag som förekommer pÄ sÄdana marker vilket borde leda till en samvariation i deras utbredning.
Studien visade att G. bohemicums distributionsmönster inte Àr ett resultat av slumpen. Det finns bakomliggande faktorer som spelar in pÄ dess förekomst. Det visade sig att nÀvorna hade en tydlig dragning mot granmark framför tallmark. Granandelen var större i fyndplatslokalerna Àn generellt i omrÄdet. NÀvorna visade Àven en preferens för de lÀgre partierna i terrÀngen, företrÀdelsevis sedimentmarker. NÀringsrika jordar och blottad mineraljord Àr viktiga förutsÀttningar för att G. bohemicum ska börja gro. Hyggen visade sig spela mindre roll för nÀvans utbredning. Andelen fyndplatslokaler pÄ hyggen var lika stor som andelen hyggen i mitt avgrÀnsade omrÄde vilket inte var sÀrskilt konstigt dÄ hela omrÄdet var jÀmntorrt sÄ skogsmark och hyggen brann lika bra.Geranium bohemicum is a fire prone species that establish after forest fires. In late July 2014 a forest fire started in VÀstmanlands County which would become the biggest fire in more than 100 year in Sweden. Even though huge losses and destruction the fire created valuable substrate for G. bohemicum to grow and thrive in. To find out how the spatial distribution of G. bohemicum is and what the underlying factors are mapping is required and an analysis of the forest ground. My hypothesis was that G. bohemicum most likely shows up on more nutrient rich soil and that spruce normally is the species that grow on such soils.
The study showed that the distribution of G. bohemicum is not random. There is underlying factors that has effect of their existence. That it should have a preference for spruce ground before pine ground is proved. The proportion spruce was a lot bigger in the provenance than in in general in the area. The geraniums showed a preference for the lower parts of the terrain. Preferably sediment grounds. Nutrient rich soils and bare mineral soils are important conditions for G. bohemicum to start grow. Clear-cuts didnât seem to play a big role for the distribution for G. bohemicum. The proportion clear-cuts in the proveniences was as big as in my defined area which was not unexpected because the hole area was dry and evenly burnt
They were very pleased and ate everything we put in front of them : a study of the female forestry cook and her life in the forest camp
Kockor som arbetade i skogsarbetarkojor började sporadiskt förekomma i de norrlÀndska lÀnen i slutet av 1800-talet och början pÄ 1900-talet. Under den första delen av 1900-talet var det vÀldigt vanligt att en kvinna, oftast ung, levde och arbetade tillsammans med mÀnnen i de avlÀgset belÀgna kojorna.
Det övergripande syftet var att berÀtta om och kontextualisera kockans roll i det operativa skogsbruket ur ett skogshistoriskt perspektiv. Jag har dÀrmed ocksÄ velat synliggöra kvinnors arbete inom skogsbruket under den första delen av 1900-talet. Jag ville ta reda pÄ hur hennes arbets- och levnadsförhÄllanden i skogsarbetarkojan var. Jag utförde 14 intervjuer med före detta kockor som var verksamma mellan Ären 1936 och 1960 för att fÄ en sÄ heltÀckande bild som möjligt över denna spÀnnande period i den norrlÀndska skogshistorien. Min studie hade Àven som syfte att diskutera kockans betydelse för skogsarbetarnas vÀlbefinnande. Vidare undersökte jag kÀllmaterial för jÀmförelser med andra lÀnders organisation kring hushÄllning.
Under vinterns kalla mĂ„nader levde kockan tillsammans med 6 â 20 man i en koja som ofta var oisolerad och vĂ€ldigt enkelt inredd. Hennes huvudsakliga arbetsuppgifter var att laga maten och sköta stĂ€dningen i kojan. Detta med vĂ€ldigt knappa resurser till sitt förfogande. Med en frihet att planera sin egen arbetsdag ansvarade hon för att berĂ€kna och planera inköpen av matvaror och göra en veckomatsedel. Arbetsdagarna var lĂ„nga och prĂ€glades av tungt och slitsamt jobb.
Det mest Äterkommande temat i berÀttelserna har varit detaljer om maten och hur den skulle tillredas. Jag anser att den gemensamma mathÄllningen och den nÀringsrika husmanskosten hade stor betydelse för skogsarbetarnas hÀlsa och vÀlbefinnande. Den gav dem ork och energi att jobba samtidigt som kockan avlastade dem frÄn deras tidigare mat- och hushÄllsarbete. Kockan blev uppskattad för maten hon lagade trots den lilla variation som fanns till buds. Skogsarbetarna hade aldrig tidigare haft samma förutsÀttningar som kockan att laga till sÄdan mat. Med hjÀlp av jÀrnspisen möjliggjordes tillagning av fler rÀtter samt Àven bakning. Kockan var en vÀlkomnad tillgÄng i kojan och hon erhöll en respekt hos skogsarbetarna som vÀrdesatte hennes arbetsskicklighet.
Det Àr svÄrt att veta hur stor betydelsen var av att man införde kockor i skogsarbetarkojorna under första delen av 1900-talet, men hon var en del i det stora maskineriet som ingick i moderniseringen av det svenska samhÀllet. Jag tror snarare att kocka-yrket fick störst betydelse pÄ det individuella planet. Att fÄ arbeta och tjÀna sina egna pengar var viktigt för mina informanter och sÀrskilt för ökad sjÀlvstÀndighet. Den arbetserfarenhet och det egna ansvaret hon fick ta bidrog ocksÄ till ett ökat sjÀlvförtroende. I ett större perspektiv bidrog detta till ett mer jÀmstÀllt samhÀlle.Young women working as forestry cooks in logging camps began to occur sporadically in the northernmost parts of Sweden already in the in the early 20th century. Soon it became very common that a woman lived and worked with the men in the distant forest camps.
The overall aim of this study was to relate and contextualize the role of the female forestry cook in the operative forestry in a forest history perspective. I also wanted to reveal the history of women as workers in forestry during the first part of the 20th century in northern Sweden. I wanted to examine her working- and living conditions in the camp with the forestry workers. I performed 14 interviews with former female forestry cooks that were working between 1936 and 1960 to get the most comprehensive picture as possible over the forestry cook period. My study also aimed at discussing the importance of the forestry cook for the welfare of the forest workers. Furthermore, I examined literature for comparisons with other countries' organization of housekeeping.
During the cold months of the winter, the forestry cook lived with 6 - 20 men in a hut that was uninsulated and very sparsely furnished. Her main task was to cook the food and take care of the cleaning of the cabin. She had very little resources and material for her disposal. With the freedom to plan her own work day, she was responsible for calculating and planning the purchase of food products and making a weekly menu. The working days were long and characterized by heavy work.
The most recurring theme in the stories has been details of the food and how it should be prepared. I believe that the common household and nutritious food were of great importance to the health and well-being of forest workers. It gave them the energy to work while the forestry cook relieved them of their previous food and household work. The forestry cook was appreciated for the food she made despite the limitations for her work in the logging cabins. Forest workers had never had the same prerequisites as the forestry cook to make such food. With the iron stove, it was possible to cook more dishes as well as baking. The forestry cook was very welcome in the camp and she received respect from the forest workers who valued her working skills.
It is difficult to assess the importance of the forestry cooks with regard to the success of the forest industry, but she was an important part of the major machinery that was part of the modernization of the Swedish society. I rather think that the forestry cook profession gained the greatest significance on the individual. Getting to work and earning their own money was important for my informants for their sense of independence. The work experience and the work responsibility she mastered contributed to increased self-esteem. In a broader perspective, this contributed to a more equal society
Women in forestry in the early twentieth century - new opportunities for young women to work and gain their freedom in a traditional agrarian society
Logging and forestry have traditionally been seen as a purely masculine sphere. The aim of this study is to analyze women's introduction into and situations in the forestry sector in twentieth century northern Sweden. We interviewed 30 women who worked as cooks between the 1930s and the 1960s, and examined written sources. We found that driving forces behind the emergence of a system involving forestry cooks included state investigations, rationalization of the forest sector, the effects of WW2, and overall modernization of society. Our informants were unmarried and young when they started working, and their introductions to the job were characterized by encouragement and pressure in their surroundings. They had prior knowledge of cooking, but few underwent formal training. They were, in most cases, hired by the forest workers, and portray the camps as egalitarian social systems. It is clear that the Swedish system was rather unusual internationally, and these women had a definite impact on modernizing a workspace far from cities and industries. For the women, the job entailed hardships, but also a sense of freedom. Conceivably, a seed of women's liberation in twentieth century Sweden was planted by these thousands of young women working in the northern forests