Morphine with or without Acepromazine in Horses: A Kinematic Evaluation

Morphine is an opioid agonist drug and produces a significant analgesic effect in horses but besides the evidenced analgesic effect, the use of morphine is not routine due to the potential excitatory effects described in the literature. To minimize these effects, neuroleptanalgesia, or the combination of opioids and sedative drugs, is encouraged. Our aim was to describe changes occurring in the locomotor pattern after co-administration of a tranquilizer, acepromazine, and morphine in horses. Six mature horses were used and received four different treatments with saline solution, morphine, acepromazine, or a combination of morphine and acepromazine. A three-dimensional accelerometric device was used to collect data and objectivize those findings moreover the sedative effect of the treatments was also measured. Significant differences were observed when comparing all the treatments in the majority of accelerometric variables, except the regularity of the pattern, some energetic parameters, and tranquilization. An evident counteraction of the effects caused by both morphine and acepromazine was observed. Due to these effects, the possibility of adding acepromazine to an additional analgesic treatment with morphine in the clinical setting ensures the absence of the supplemental instability caused by other sedatives and minimizes the potential opioid excitatory effects

Changes in the requirement for early surgery in inflammatory bowel disease in the era of biological agents

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Changes in the requirement for early surgery in inflammatory bowel disease in the era of biological agents. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2020): 29 April, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.15084. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived VersionsBiological therapies may be changing the natural history of inflammatory bowel diseases, reducing the need for surgical intervention. We aimed to assess whether the availability of anti‐TNF agents impacts the need for early surgery in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods Retrospective, cohort study of patients diagnosed within a 6‐year period before and after the licensing of anti‐TNFs (1990‐1995 and 2007‐2012 for CD; 1995‐2000 and 2007‐2012 for UC) were identified in the ENEIDA Registry. Surgery‐free survival curves were compared between cohorts. Results A total of 7,370 CD patients (2,022 in Cohort 1 and 5,348 in Cohort 2) and 8,069 UC patients (2,938 in Cohort 1 and 5,131 in Cohort 2) were included. Immunosuppressants were used significantly earlier and more frequently in both CD and UC post‐biological cohorts. The cumulative probability of surgery was lower in CD following anti‐TNF approval (16% and 11%, 22% and 16%, and 29% and 19%, at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively p<0.0001), though not in UC (3% and 2%, 4% and 4%, and 6% and 5% at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively; p=0.2). Ileal involvement, older age at diagnosis and active smoking in CD, and extensive disease in UC, were independent risk factors for surgery, whereas high‐volume IBD centres (in both CD and UC) and immunosuppressant use (in CD) were protective factors. Conclusions Anti‐TNF availability was associated with a reduction in early surgery for CD (driven mainly by earlier and more widespread immunosuppressant use) but not in U

Culture conditions and investigation of bioreactor configurations for lipase production by rhizopus oryzae

Lipolytic enzymes are the subject of great industrial and academic interest. For this reason, a detailed study of lipolytic enzyme production by the fungus Rhizopus oryzae is tackled, and several steps from plate to shake flasks and bioreactor cultures are investigated in order to propose an optimized strategy to perform the biological process. The suitability of several lipidic compounds and surfactants is assessed. Triton X-100 (5 g/L) gives the highest activities with a maximum value of 6320 U/L which is 10-fold the value attained in cultures without addition of lipidic compounds. As there are almost no studies on bench-scale bioreactors, two bioreactor configurations, stirred tank and air-lift, are investigated to determine the most suitable one to carry out the biological reaction. It is demonstrated that the lipolytic activity is strongly enhanced when a stirred-tank bioreactor is used with a maximum value of 3521 U/L within two days which is clearly higher than the values produced by other recently reported species.XUNTA de Galicia | Ref. PGIDIT06 PXIB314376P