1,479 research outputs found
Does financial VAT affect the size of the financial sector?
The influence of VAT applied to financial services on the size of the financial sector is analyzed empirically. The authors use data from 36 European Union and OECD countries for the period from 1961 to 2012. Dynamic panel data techniques are used, concretely the GMM System. An unbalanced panel is handled. The results allow the authors to support the theoretical analysis that financial VAT has no significant effect on financial sector development. Results are robust to the specifications of the dependent and target variables and to the econometric method applied
Financial VAT may improve trade openness
This paper theoretically and empirically analyzes how the taxation of financial services under VAT (‘financial VAT’) influences trade openness. The empirical analysis uses data from the OECD and 36 European Union countries for the period 1960–2019. Dynamic panel data techniques are used, concretely the GMM System, and an unbalanced panel is handled. The results corroborate that financial VAT, and in particular the ‘option-to-tax’ method applied by some countries in the European Union, are positively associated with a country’s trade openness. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
Phase transitions with finite atom number in the Dicke Model
Two-level atoms interacting with a one mode cavity field at zero temperature
have order parameters which reflect the presence of a quantum phase transition
at a critical value of the atom-cavity coupling strength. Two popular examples
are the number of photons inside the cavity and the number of excited atoms.
Coherent states provide a mean field description, which becomes exact in the
thermodynamic limit. Employing symmetry adapted (SA) SU(2) coherent states
(SACS) the critical behavior can be described for a finite number of atoms. A
variation after projection treatment, involving a numerical minimization of the
SA energy surface, associates the finite number phase transition with a
discontinuity in the order parameters, which originates from a competition
between two local minima in the SA energy surface.Comment: 8 pages, 10 figures, Conference Proceedings of CEWQO-2012, to be
published as a Topical Issue of the journal Physica Script
Coherent State Description of the Ground State in the Tavis-Cummings Model and its Quantum Phase Transitions
Quantum phase transitions and observables of interest of the ground state in
the Tavis-Cummings model are analyzed, for any number of atoms, by using a
tensorial product of coherent states. It is found that this "trial" state
constitutes a very good approximation to the exact quantum solution, in that it
globally reproduces the expectation values of the matter and field observables.
These include the population and dipole moments of the two-level atoms and the
squeezing parameter. Agreement in the field-matter entanglement and in the
fidelity measures, of interest in quantum information theory, is also found.The
analysis is carried out in all three regions defined by the separatrix which
gives rise to the quantum phase transitions. It is argued that this agreement
is due to the gaussian structure of the probability distributions of the
constant of motion and the number of photons. The expectation values of the
ground state observables are given in analytic form, and the change of the
ground state structure of the system when the separatrix is crossed is also
studied.Comment: 38 pages, 16 figure
On the classification and properties of noncommutative duplicates
We give an explicit description of the set of all factorization structures,
or twisting maps, existing between the algebras k^2 and k^2, and classify the
resulting algebras up to isomorphism. In the process we relate several
different approaches formerly taken to deal with this problem, filling a gap
that appeared in a recent paper by Cibils. We also provide a counterexample to
a result concerning the Hochschild (co)homology appeared in a paper by J.A.
Guccione and J.J. Guccione.Comment: 11 pages, no figure
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