32,052 research outputs found
Who is afraid of constructivism? (¿Quién tiene miedo del constructivismo?)
Both generative and constructivist researchers agree that children are able to form abstractions and produce novel grammatically patterned utterances. Both approaches are able to explain such abilities, and hence their existence does not entail an innate Universal Grammar. However, generativists and constructivists differ in their views on the nature of early generalisations: while generative researchers assume that adult-like linguistic representations are present from the very beginning, constructivists argue that children begin with relatively specific, low level schemas and gradually extract more abstract patterns. There is considerable empirical evidence for the latter position. Moreover, constructivist theories provide a better explanation for principled behaviour -not just the observed patterns, but also the absence of certain constructions in children's early productions and various developmental asynchronies.
Tanto los investigadores generativistas como constructivistas coinciden en que los niños son capaces de formar abstracciones y de producir emisiones novedosas gramaticalmente estructuradas. Ambos enfoques son capaces de explicar tales habilidades, y por eso su existencia no implica una Gramática Universal innata. Sin embargo, los investigadores generativistas y constructivistas difieren en su visión sobre la naturaleza de las generalizaciones tempranas: mientras que los investigadores generativistas asumen que las representaciones lingüísticas parecidas a las adultas están presentes desde edades tempranas, los constructivistas argumentan que los niños comienzan con esquemas de bajo nivel, relativamente específicos, y que gradualmente extraen esquemas más abstractos. Existe considerable evidencia empírica en apoyo de esta segunda posición. Además, las teorías constructivistas proporcionan una mejor explicación de las conductas basadas en reglas; no sólo de los patrones observados, sino también de la ausencia de ciertas construcciones en las producciones verbales tempranas de los niños y de diversas asincronías evolutivas
Proposal for a Supersymmetric Standard Model
The fact that neutrinos are massive suggests that the minimal supersymmetric
standard model (MSSM) might be extended in order to include three gauge-singlet
neutrino superfields with Yukawa couplings of the type . We
propose to use these superfields to solve the problem of the MSSM without
having to introduce an extra singlet superfield as in the case of the
next-to-MSSM (NMSSM). In particular, terms of the type in the
superpotential may carry out this task spontaneously through sneutrino vacuum
expectation values. In addition, terms of the type avoid the
presence of axions and generate effective Majorana masses for neutrinos at the
electroweak scale. On the other hand, these terms break lepton number and
R-parity explicitly implying that the phenomenology of this model is very
different from the one of the MSSM or NMSSM. For example, the usual neutralinos
are now mixed with the neutrinos. For Dirac masses of the latter of order
GeV, eigenvalues reproducing the correct scale of neutrino masses are
obtained.Comment: 9 pages, latex, title modified. Final version published in PR
On the nature of transverse coronal waves revealed by wavefront dislocations
Coronal waves are an important aspect of the dynamics of the plasma in the
corona. Wavefront dislocations are topological features of most waves in nature
and also of magnetohydrodynamic waves. Are there dislocations in coronal waves?
The finding and explanation of dislocations may shed light on the nature and
characteristics of the propagating waves, their interaction in the corona and
in general on the plasma dynamics. We positively identify dislocations in
coronal waves observed by the Coronal Multi-channel Polarimeter (CoMP) as
singularities in the Doppler shifts of emission coronal lines. We study the
possible singularities that can be expected in coronal waves and try to
reproduce the observed dislocations in terms of localization and frequency of
appearance. The observed dislocations can only be explained by the interference
of a kink and a sausage wave modes propagating with different frequencies along
the coronal magnetic field. In the plane transverse to the propagation, the
cross-section of the oscillating plasma must be smaller than the spatial
resolution, and the two waves result in net longitudinal and transverse
velocity components that are mixed through projection onto the line of sight.
Alfv\'en waves can be responsible of the kink mode, but a magnetoacoustic
sausage mode is necessary in all cases. Higher (flute) modes are excluded. The
kink mode has a pressure amplitude that is smaller than the pressure amplitude
of the sausage mode, though its observed velocity is larger. This concentrates
dislocations on the top of the loop. To explain dislocations, any model of
coronal waves must include the simultaneous propagation and interference of
kink and sausage wave modes of comparable but different frequencies, with a
sausage wave amplitude much smaller than the kink one.Comment: 11 pages. 5 figures. Accepted for publication in A&
One-dimensional relativistic dissipative system with constant force and its quantization
For a relativistic particle under a constant force and a linear velocity
dissipation force, a constant of motion is found. Problems are shown for
getting the Hamiltoninan of this system. Thus, the quantization of this system
is carried out through the constant of motion and using the quantization of the
velocity variable. The dissipative relativistic quantum bouncer is outlined
within this quantization approach.Comment: 11 pages, no figure
QCD uncertainties at the LHC and the implications of HERA
Strong interaction physics will be ubiquitous at the Large Hadron Collider
since the colliding beams consist of confined quarks and gluons. Although the
main purpose of the LHC is to study the mechanism of electroweak symmetry
breaking and to search for physics beyond the Standard Model, to maximise the
precision and sensitivity of such anaylses it is necessary to understand in
detail various perturbative, semi-perturbative and non-perturbative QCD
effects. Many of these effects have been extensively studied at HERA and will
be studied further at HERA II. We discuss the impact of the knowledge thus
gained on physics at the LHC.Comment: Contributed to the Proceedings of DIS04, Strbske Pleso, Slovaki
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