9 research outputs found

    Niveau de vie et déplacements dans les métropoles vietnamiennes : Hô Chi Minh ville et Hanoi

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    Living standards and moves in the Vietnamese metropolises: Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi - In the current “metropolisation” process in the large Vietnamese cities, a sliding of the population from centre towards suburbs and a “gentrification” of the city-centre appear. While living environment is generally improved for these intra-urban migrants, the distances to be covered (for example from home to work or from home to school) increase considerably. The lack of infrastructures is also desperately felt in the recently built peripheral zones. The role of living standards, measured by a “wealth index”, is emphasized. Contrary to the initial expectation, there are rather “rich people” which have the longest routes to be gone through, what is enabled by their better transportation means. The fight against disparities in the city still inevitably arises the question of the development of public transportation means.Dans le processus de métropolisation en cours dans les grandes agglomérations vietnamiennes, on assiste à un glissement de la population du centre vers la périphérie et à une « gentrification » du centre-ville. Si le cadre de vie s'en trouve généralement amélioré pour ces migrants intra-urbains, les distances à parcourir (par exemple domicile-travail ou domicile-école) augmentent considérablement. Le manque d'infrastructures se fait aussi cruellement sentir dans les zones périphériques nouvellement loties. Le rôle du niveau de vie, mesuré par un « indice de richesse », est mis en lumière. Contrairement à l'attente initiale, ce sont plutôt les « riches » qui ont les trajets les plus longs à parcourir, ce qui leur est permis par les meilleurs moyens de transport dont ils disposent. La lutte contre les inégalités en ville repose immanquablement la question du développement des transports urbains collectifs

    Niveau de vie et déplacements dans les métropoles vietnamiennes : Hô Chi Minh ville et Hanoi

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    Patrick Gubry, Lê Hô Phong Linh ? Living Standards and Moves in the Vietnamese Metropolises : Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi In the current ? metropolisation ? process in the large Vietnamese cities, a sliding of the population from centre towards suburbs and a ? gentrification ? of the city-centre appear. While living environment is generally improved for these intra-urban migrants, the distances to be covered (for example from home to work or from home to school) increase considerably. The lack of infrastructures is also desperately felt in the recently built peripheral zones. The role of living standards, measured by a ? wealth index ?, is emphasized. Contrary to the initial expectation, there are rather ? rich people ? tend to have the longest routes, what is enabled by their better transportation means. The fight against disparities in the city still inevitably arises the question of the development of public transportation means.Intra-urban migration, , temporary move, living standards, Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi, Vietnam

    NGHIÊN CỨU MỘT SỐ GIẢI PHÁP ỨNG DỤNG CÔNG NGHỆ THÔNG TIN NHẰM HIỆN ĐẠI HÓA CƠ SỞ DỮ LIỆU ĐỊA CHÍNH TẠI HUYỆN CAM LÂM, TỈNH KHÁNH HÒA

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    Hiện nay, nhu cầu sử dụng đất ngày càng tăng lên một cách nhanh chóng. Bên cạnh đó, tình hình biến động đất đai của các địa phương trong cả nước cũng ngày một đa dạng và phức tạp. Để phục vụ công tác quản lý nhà nước về lãnh vực đất đai cũng như tăng tính công khai minh bạch về giải quyết thủ tục hành chính đòi hỏi phải có một cơ sở dữ liệu địa chính hoàn thiện, hiện đại hóa và được cập nhật một cách thường xuyên, đầy đủ, chính xác. Trong nghiên cứu này, đã áp dụng mô hình thiết kế cơ sở dữ liệu cho các cấp (tỉnh, huyện) trên cơ sở ứng dụng công nghệ thông tin để xây dựng cơ sở dữ liệu địa chính ngày càng hoàn thiện tại huyện Cam Lâm, tỉnh Khánh Hòa.Từ khóa: Cơ sở dữ liệu địa chính, Vilis, công nghệ thông ti

    Meloidogyne-SP4 effector gene silencing reduces reproduction of root-knot nematodes in rice (Oryza sativa)

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    International audienceThe root-knot nematodes (RKN) Meloidogyne graminicola and M. incognita are responsible for rice yield losses worldwide, particularly in Asia and Africa. Previous studies demonstrated that nematode-secreted proteins are crucial for root invasion and establishment in the host. We present some characteristics of a pioneer effector, M. incognita- secreted protein 4 (Mi-SP4), which is conserved in RKN and required for infection in compatible rice-RKN interactions. In situ hybridisation assays revealed Mi-SP4 expression in the dorsal pharyngeal gland of M. incognita second-stage juveniles (J2). Meloidogyne - SP4 transcripts strongly accumulated in pre-parasitic J2 and decreased in later parasitic stages of M. incognita and M. graminicola . Transient expression of the nematode effector gene in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and onion cells indicated that GFP-tagged Mi-SP4 was present in the cytoplasm and accumulated in the nucleus of the plant cells. In vitro RNA interference (RNAi) gene silencing, obtained by soaking J2 with small-interfering (si)RNA si4-1, decreased Mi - SP4 expression in J2 by 35% and significantly reduced M. incognita reproduction in rice by at least 30%. Similarly, host-mediated gene silencing of the nematode SP4 effector candidate gene in transgenic rice plants significantly reduced M. graminicola reproduction by 26% to 47%. The data obtained demonstrate that Mi -SP4 is a pioneer virulence effector, which plays an essential role in both M. incognita and M. graminicola pathogenicity on rice
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