Anthropologie médico-légale : de l'étude populationnelle à l'individuelle

Ouvrage sous la direction de GUIHARD-COSTA Anne-Marie, BOETSCH Gilles, Froment Alain, GUERCI Antonio et ROBERT-LAMBLIN JoëlleL'anthropologie médico-légale est une partie intégrante de l'anthropologie biologique, dont elle reprend le sujet d'étude - l'Homme- et les données concernant la variabilité des populations humaines. Toutefois elle se focalise sur un seul individu au sein d'une population et doit répondre à des contraintes d'application strictes

Anthropologie médico-légale : de l'étude populationnelle à l'individuelle

Ouvrage sous la direction de GUIHARD-COSTA Anne-Marie, BOETSCH Gilles, Froment Alain, GUERCI Antonio et ROBERT-LAMBLIN JoëlleL'anthropologie médico-légale est une partie intégrante de l'anthropologie biologique, dont elle reprend le sujet d'étude - l'Homme- et les données concernant la variabilité des populations humaines. Toutefois elle se focalise sur un seul individu au sein d'une population et doit répondre à des contraintes d'application strictes

Translucidité dentinaire et estimation de l'âge

La translucidité dentinaire est un des paramètres utilisés pour la détermination de l'âge en identification dans les méthodes de Gustafson et Lamendin. Le but de l'étude était d'évaluer la translucidité dentinaire radiculaire sous ses deux aspects (sur dents entières et en coupes). Les mesures de distances et d'aires de la translucidité dentinaire intra et extra-dentaires ne sont pas fiables. De plus, la translucidité dentinaire n'est pas corrélée à l'âge. La translucidité dentinaire est donc un mauvais indicateur d'âge unique

Estimation de l'âge foetal

International audienc

Non-respect des règles de dispensation des médicaments et responsabilité du pharmacien d’officine

Le non-respect du devoir d’information et de conseil du pharmacien d’officine lors de la dispensation d’un médicament, au vu d’une ordonnance manifestement non conforme, est susceptible d’engager sa responsabilité pénale, disciplinaire et civile

Les structures osseuses de la base du crâne dans l'estimation de l'âge foetal

Communications orales et affichées de la 1836ème Journée de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris parues dans Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris , 23 S1-S4

Application médico-légale de la variabilité de l'alvéolyse humaine : étude préliminaire

Le but de l'étude préliminaire était un essai de modélisation de l'âge chez l'Adulte à partir de l'alvéolyse mesurée sur radiotomodensitométrie. Compte tenu du lien entre l'alvéolyse et l'âge, 3 modèles ont été proposés, selon le sexe ou non, permettant d'approcher une estimation de l'âge grâce à une méthode simple, rapide et applicable aux populations actuelles en médecine légale et aux populations du passé en anthropologie funéraire

The Dintilhac report and its implications for forensic neuropsychological evaluation

When preparing neuropsychological expert reports, the neuropsychologist is asked to make a precise assessment of the victims' cognitive dysfunction, generally after traumatic head injury. The expert is usually required to assess the nature of the neuropsychological deficits, their correlation with any brain lesions and their imputability to the accident or crime in question, to estimate a possible date of stabilisation and to evaluate the heads of damage. The basic principle of compensation for personal injury is to consider the circumstances in which the victim would have been if the prejudicial event (for example, the accident) had not occurred and to assess, on the basis of these various heads of damage, compensation for the injury suffered. While it is not the neuropsychologist's role to evaluate the compensation as such, he or she has however to specify which aspects of cognitive function are deficient and what impact this dysfunction has on a personal and occupational level. Until recently, compensation for personal injury, and notably for cognitive deficits, was assessed with reference to nine principal heads of damage, in particular the conventional concepts of total temporary disability (incapacite temporaire totale [ITT]), defined as the period during which the victim was temporarily unable to carry out their usual occupational and personal activities, and partial permanent disability (incapacite partielle permanente [IPP]), defined as a percentage and corresponding to the reduction, after stabilisation, in the victim's functional capacity that is, their physical and psychological potential here again from an occupational and personal viewpoint. However, concretely, the emphasis had shifted to take into account only the pecuniary aspects of injury relating to the domain of "having", that is the loss of income due to cessation of work, while the non-pecuniary aspects relating to the domain of "being" were often ignored. New classification. - The Dintilhac report has established a new classification of heads of physical damage which abandons these two ambiguous concepts of ITT and IPP. Damage now includes three categories: pecuniary and non-pecuniary; temporary and permanent and damage to direct and indirect victims. We define the new heads of damage to direct victims, illustrate them with examples from neuropsychological expert reports, compare the old and the new classifications and discuss the implications of the Dintilhac report for expert assessment. The report appears to remove the ambiguities previously mentioned, since ITT has been replaced by two new heads of damage which are clearly defined as pecuniary and non-pecuniary: "loss of present occupational income" (pertes de gains professionnels actuels [PGPA]) and "temporary functional deficiency" (deficit fonctionnel temporaire [DFT]), respectively. Similarly, IPP is replaced by two new heads of damage, which are also clearly defined as pecuniary and non-pecuniary and are the poststabilisation equivalents of PGDA and DFT: these are "loss of future earnings" (pertes de gains professionnels futurs [PGPF]) and "permanent functional deficiency" (deficit fonctionnel permanent [DFP]). Concerning the other heads of damage, the amendments introduced by the new classification do not basically modify the earlier concepts but are nevertheless more precise in certain respects. The "pretium doloris", or "price of pain", is replaced by "suffering sustained" (souffrances endurees [SE]) with little fundamental change. The same is true of "loss of amenity" (prejudice d'agrement [PA]). The term of "aesthetic impairment" (prejudice esthetique [PE]) also remains the same, but whereas it previously related only to permanent impairment, it now includes temporary impairment, before stabilisation. What was formerly termed "loss of sexual function" now consists of "loss of sexual function" (prejudice sexuel [PS]) as well as "loss of the prospect of founding a family" (prejudice d'etablissement [PE]), allowing a finer distinction to be made between the damages sustained. The former "third party" (tierce personne) is now covered under the headings of "assistance by a third party" (assistance par tierce personne [ATP]), "expenses of accommodation conversion" (frais de logement adapte [FLA]) and "expenses of vehicle conversion" (frais de vehicule adapte [FVA]), which here again provides greater precision in the heads of compensation. Lastly, what was previously known as "loss of opportunity" (perte de chance) is divided into three different categories: "loss of education, whether at school, university or in training" (prejudice scolaire, universitaire ou de formation [PSU]), "loss of future occupational earnings" (perte de gains professionnels futurs [PGPF]) and in part the "occupational impact" (incidence professionnelle [IP]). Conclusion. - In summary, these various heads of damage concerning direct victims that are proposed by the Dintilhac report result in a more detailed evaluation of compensation for personal injury. Assessment of a certain number of heads of damage is an integral part of the preparation of a neuropsychological expert report and the fact that these heads of damage are now better defined makes the expert's task easier. As the neuropsychologist, generally called upon to give an expert opinion, now has better knowledge of this new classification, he or she will be able to give clearer and fuller answers to the questions raised and so comply with the principle of civil law relating to compensation for personal injury: "compensate the injury, all the injury, but nothing except the injur