表紙・目次 『第15回CEReS国際シンポジウム「環境リモートセンシングのこれま での成果とさらなる挑戦」』 2009年12月15日～16日 於千葉大学

Held on 15-16 December, 2009, Chiba Universit

Hypoxic Epithelial Necrosis Triggers Neutrophilic Inflammation via IL-1 Receptor Signaling in Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease

Rationale: In many organs, hypoxic cell death triggers sterile neutrophilic inflammation via IL-1R signaling. Although hypoxia is common in airways from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), its role in neutrophilic inflammation remains unknown. We recently demonstrated that hypoxic epithelial necrosis caused by airway mucus obstruction precedes neutrophilic inflammation in Scnn1b-transgenic (Scnn1b-Tg) mice with CF-like lung disease

Identification of differentially expressed microRNAs in human male breast cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The discovery of small non-coding RNAs and the subsequent analysis of microRNA expression patterns in human cancer specimens have provided completely new insights into cancer biology. Genetic and epigenetic data indicate oncogenic or tumor suppressor function of these pleiotropic regulators. Therefore, many studies analyzed the expression and function of microRNA in human breast cancer, the most frequent malignancy in females. However, nothing is known so far about microRNA expression in male breast cancer, accounting for approximately 1% of all breast cancer cases.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The expression of 319 microRNAs was analyzed in 9 primary human male breast tumors and in epithelial cells from 15 male gynecomastia specimens using fluorescence-labeled bead technology. For identification of differentially expressed microRNAs data were analyzed by cluster analysis and selected statistical methods.</p> <p>Expression levels were validated for the most up- or down-regulated microRNAs in this training cohort using real-time PCR methodology as well as in an independent test cohort comprising 12 cases of human male breast cancer.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Unsupervised cluster analysis separated very well male breast cancer samples and control specimens according to their microRNA expression pattern indicating cancer-specific alterations of microRNA expression in human male breast cancer. miR-21, miR519d, miR-183, miR-197, and miR-493-5p were identified as most prominently up-regulated, miR-145 and miR-497 as most prominently down-regulated in male breast cancer.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Male breast cancer displays several differentially expressed microRNAs. Not all of them are shared with breast cancer biopsies from female patients indicating male breast cancer specific alterations of microRNA expression.</p

Imatinib-induced liver cirrhosis in a patient with advanced gastrointestinal stroma tumor (GIST)

Abstract Background The use of imatinib mesylate is associated with a progression free survival of 41 months in first line treatment of metastatic or locally advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and other studies approved that adjuvant imatinib treatment improves the recurrence-free survival in patients with GIST. Current recommendations include 1 year adjuvant treatment in GIST patients at risk but active studies explore different durations of treatment with an interval of up to 5 years. While the most frequent adverse events (AEs) are blood count alterations, abdominal discomfort and edema, the occurrence of grade 3 or 4 increase of AST or ALT is specified with 2.1% and 2.7% respectively. Case presentation We report a 49-year old male with a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of the small bowel who developed liver cirrhosis under adjuvant imatinib treatment. Conclusions Our report supports the notion that imatinib-induced hepatotoxicity may lead to acute liver damage with subsequent cirrhotic remodelling. Patients developing grade 3 or 4 hepatotoxicity during imatinib treatment should therefore be carefully evaluated for chronic liver disease.</p

Biosynthetic Nanostructured Cellulose Patch for Chest Wall Reconstruction: Five-Month Follow-up in a Porcine Model

Purpose: Ideal approaches and materials for reconstruction of large chest wall defects remain a topic of debate. We sought to explore the suitability of a reinforced nanostructured cellulose (NC) patch for chest wall reconstruction in an animal model. Materials and Methods: In four domestic pigs, a standardized 10 × 10 cm chest wall defect was created by resecting three rib segments. Subsequently the defect was reconstructed via a biosynthetic NC patch (16 × 12 cm) reinforced by polytetrafluoroethylene mesh. After 1, 2, 4, and 5 months respectively, gross examination of NC patches was performed following sacrifice of the animals. Specimens of NC patches and surrounding connective tissue underwent histological examinations after staining with Hematoxylin-eosin and Elastica van Gieson. Results: All animals survived their observation period without encountering major adverse events. On gross examination all NC patches were intact and well integrated into the surrounding tissue. Histological examination showed clearly demarked zones of foreign body reaction at the patch/host-tissue interface. After 5 months a slight increase in foreign body reaction, fibrous capsule formation and cellular infiltration were observed. No signs of fibroblast proliferation or neovascularization were seen within NC patches at any point. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a quick healing process and good overall biocompatibility following NC patch implantation.NC might prove an efficient and suitable biomaterial for complex chest wall reconstruction