Observation of the orbital Hall effect in a light metal Ti

The orbital angular momentum is a core ingredient of orbital magnetism, spin Hall effect, giant Rashba spin splitting, orbital Edelstein effect, and spin-orbit torque. However, its experimental detection is tricky. In particular, direct detection of the orbital Hall effect remains elusive despite its importance for electrical control of magnetic nanodevices. Here we report the direct observation of the orbital Hall effect in a light metal Ti. The Kerr rotation by the accumulated orbital magnetic moment is measured at Ti surfaces, whose result agrees with theoretical calculations semiquantitatively and is supported by the orbital torque measurement in Ti-based magnetic heterostructures. The results confirm the electron orbital angular momentum as an essential dynamic degree of freedom, which may provide a novel mechanism for the electric control of magnetism. The results may also deepen the understanding of spin, valley, phonon, and magnon dynamics coupled with orbital dynamics

Torus Hyperplasia of the Pyloric Antrum

Primary or idiopathic hypertrophy of the pyloric muscle in adult, so called torus hyperplasia, is an infrequent but an established entity. It is caused by a circular muscle hypertrophy affecting the lesser curvature near the pylorus. Since most of the lesions are difficult to differentiate from tumor, distal gastrectomy is usually preformed to rule out most causes of pyloric lesions including neoplastic ones through a pathological study. A 56-yr-old man with a family history of gastric cancer presented with abdominal discomfort of 1 month duration. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed a 1.0 cm sized irregular submucosal lesion proximal to the pylorus to the distal antrum on the lesser curvature. On colonoscopy examination, a 1.5 cm sized protruding mass was noticed on the appendiceal orifice. Gastrectomy and cecectomy were done, and histological section revealed marked hypertrophy of the distal circular pyloric musculature and an appendiceal mucocele. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of torus hyperplasia with appendiceal mucocele which is found incidentally

Evaluation of factors related to Anaesthesia-induced Lens opacity in experimental mice

To investigate conditions that cause temporal lens opacity, we tested chemical and physical factors, such as anaesthesia dose, ocular surface dryness, and infrared (IR) light exposure in anaesthetised C57BL/6 N mice. Mice were anaesthetised with a low (80%; tiletamine/zolazepam 32 mg/kg and xylazine 8 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) or high (120%; 48 mg/kg and 12 mg/kg) dose of anaesthetic and examined every 5 min from 10 to 30 min after anaesthesia was induced. Lens opacity levels were assessed and graded (1–6) using the standard classification system. Regardless of the anaesthetic dose, lens opacity grade was 1–2 in moisturised eyes with application of 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose, and 5–6 in dry ocular surface conditions. Lens opacity in mice with high-dose anaesthetic in the dry ocular surface condition was not different from that of mice with low-dose anaesthetic. Lens opacity grade 1–2 was noted in eyes in the wet ocular surface condition, regardless of IR light exposure. During IR light exposure in eyes in the dry ocular surface condition, lens opacity (grade 6) in mice with high-dose anaesthetic was not different from that (grade 6) in mice with low-dose anaesthetic. We demonstrated that ocular surface dryness might be a relevant factor for the formation and progression of lens opacity in anesthetized C57BL/6 N mice. Anaesthesia dose and IR light exposure did not strongly influence lens opacity formation. Furthermore, eyes with corneal dryness-induced lens opacity recovered to normal status without additional intervention.This research was supported by Korea Mouse Phenotyping Project (NRF2013M3A9D5072551) of the Ministry of Science and ICT through the National Research Foundation

A Large Bandgap Shift in InGaAs(P)/InP Multi-Quantum Well Structure Obtained by Impurity-Free Vacancy Diffusion Using SiO2 Capping and its Application to Photodetectors

In this paper, we have investigated the bandgap tuning in the InGaAs (P)/ InP multiquantum well (MQW) structure obtained by impurity-free vacancy diffusion (IFVD) using low temperature photoluminescence (PL). The MQW intermixing was performed in a rapid thermal annealer (RTA) using the dielectric capping materials, Si02 and SiNX. The Si02 capping was successfully used with InGaAs cap layer to cause a large bandgap tuning effect in the InGaAs/InP MQW material. The blue shift of bandgap energy after RTA treatment was as much as 185 and 230 meV at 750 t and 850 t, respectively, with its value controllable using annealing time and temperature. Samples with Si02-InP or SiN-InGaAs cap layer combinations, on the other hand, did not show any significant energy shifts. The absorption spectra taken from the same samples confimed the energy shifts obtained using PL. The process developed can be readily applied to fabrication of photodetectors that are sensitive to wavelength and/or polarization.This work was fmancially supported in part by OERC(Opto-Electronic Research Center) through the grant # 97K3-0809- 02-06-1 and by the SPRC (Semiconductor Physics Research Center) of Korea. The authors thank U. H. Lee and Prof. D. Lee of Chung Nam National Univ. for their help with the absorption measurement

Effect of polishing and glazing on the color and spectral distribution of monolithic zirconia

PURPOSE : The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of polishing and glazing on the color and spectral distribution of monolithic zirconia. MATERIALS AND METHODS : Forty-five monolithic zirconia specimens (16.3 mm × 16.4 mm × 2.0 mm) were fabricated and divided into 5 groups according to the number of A2-coloring liquid applications (Group I to V). Each group was divided into 3 subgroups according to the method of surface treatments (n=3): N: no treatment; P: polishing; G: glazing. Color and spectral distribution of five different areas of each specimen were measured according to CIELAB color space in the reflectance mode relative to the standard illuminant D65 on a reflection spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukeys HSD test, Pearson correlation and regression analysis (α=.05). RESULTS : There was a significant difference in CIE L* between Subgroup N and P, and in CIE b* between Subgroup P and G in eachgroup. Spectral reflectance generally decreased in Subgroup P and G in comparison with Subgroup N. Color differences between Subgroup P and G were within the perceptibility threshold (ΔE*ab0.88, P<.001). CONCLUSION : A perceptible color difference can be detected after polishing of monolithic zirconia. Polishing decreases the lightness, and glazing also decreases the lightness, but increases the yellowness of monolithic zirconia.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2013-01/102/2008003883/11SEQ:11PERF_CD:SNU2013-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:2008003883ADJUST_YN:NEMP_ID:A078517DEPT_CD:861CITE_RATE:0FILENAME:j adv prosthodont 201308 5(3) 296-304.pdfDEPT_NM:치의학과EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:NCONFIRM:

Factors associated with neurodevelopment in preterm infants with systematic inflammation

Background Several studies have suggested that adverse neurodevelopment could be induced by systemic inflammation in preterm infants. We aimed to investigate whether preterm infants with systemic inflammation would have impaired neurodevelopment and which biomarkers and neurophysiologic studies during inflammation are associated with poor neurodevelopment. Methods This prospective cohort study enrolled infants born before 30 weeks of gestation or with birth weight < 1250 g. Infants were grouped according to the presence of systemic inflammation: Control (no inflammation, n = 49), I (systemic inflammation, n = 45). Blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples for markers of brain injury and inflammation were collected and amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) was performed within 4 h of septic workup. We evaluated aEEG at 35 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA), head circumference at 36 weeks PMA, and brain MRI at discharge. The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III (Bayley-III) was performed at a corrected age (CA) of 18 months. Results The I group had more white matter injuries (2 vs. 26.7%, Control vs. I, respectively) at the time of discharge, lower brain functional maturation (9.5 vs. 8), and smaller head size (z-score − 1.45 vs. -2.12) at near-term age and poorer neurodevelopment at a CA of 18 months than the control (p < 0.05). Among the I group, the proportion of immature neutrophils (I/T ratios) and IL-1 beta levels in the CSF were associated with aEEG measures at the day of symptom onset (D0). Seizure spike on aEEG at D0 was significantly correlated with motor and social-emotional domains of Bayley-III (p < 0.05). The I/T ratio and CRP and TNF-α levels of blood at D0, white matter injury on MRI at discharge, head circumference and seizure spikes on aEEG at near-term age were associated with Bayley-III scores at a CA of 18 months. Conclusions Systemic inflammation induced by clinical infection and NEC are associated with neurodevelopmental impairment in preterm infants. The seizure spike on aEEG, elevated I/T ratio, CRP, and plasma TNF-alpha during inflammatory episodes are associated with poor neurodevelopment.This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Programme through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Education (2012R1A1A2044109, 2017R1D1A1B03036383, and 2017R1D1A1B04030931) and supported by grant no 0420160450 from the SNUH Research Fun

Genomic profile of metastatic breast cancer patient-derived xenografts established using percutaneous biopsy.

BACKGROUND: Metastatic breast cancer (mBC) is a complex and life-threatening disease and although it is difficult to cure, patients can benefit from sequential anticancer treatment, including endocrine therapy, targeted therapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy. The patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model is suggested as a practical tool to predict the clinical outcome of this disease as well as to screen novel drugs. This study aimed to establish PDX models in Korean patients and analyze their genomic profiles and utility for translational research. METHODS: Percutaneous core needle biopsy or punch biopsy samples were used for xenotransplantation. Whole exome sequencing and transcriptome analysis were performed to assess the genomic and RNA expression profiles, respectively. Copy number variation and mutational burden were analyzed and compared with other metastatic breast cancer genomic results. Mutational signatures were also analyzed. The antitumor effect of an ATR inhibitor was tested in the relevant PDX model. RESULTS: Of the 151 cases studied, 40 (26%) PDX models were established. Notably, the take rate of all subtypes, including the hormone receptor-positive (HR +) subtype, exceeded 20%. The PDX model had genomic fidelity and copy number variation that represented the pattern of its donor sample. TP53, PIK3CA, ESR1, and GATA3 mutations were frequently found in our samples, with TP53 being the most frequently mutated, and the somatic mutations in these genes strengthened their frequency in the PDX model. The ESR1 mutation, CCND1 amplification, and the APOBEC signature were significant features in our HR + HER2- PDX model. Fulvestrant in combination with palbociclib showed a partial response to the relevant patient\u27s tumor harboring the ESR1 mutation, and CCND1 amplification was found in the PDX model. AZD6738, an ATR inhibitor, delayed tumor growth in a relevant PDX model. CONCLUSIONS: Our PDX model was established using core needle biopsy samples from primary and metastatic tissues. Genomic profiles of the samples reflected their original tissue characteristics and could be used for the interpretation of clinical outcomes

Efficacy and safety of mucous fistula refeeding in preterm infants: an exploratory randomized controlled trial

Background This study aimed to evaluate whether mucous fistula refeeding (MFR) is safe and beneficial for the growth and intestinal adaptation of preterm infants with enterostomies. Methods This exploratory randomized controlled trial enrolled infants born before 35weeks gestation with enterostomy. If the stomal output was ≥ 40mL/kg/day, infants were assigned to the high-output MFR group and received MFR. If the stoma output was < 40mL/kg/day, infants were randomized to the normal-output MFR group or the control group. Growth, serum citrulline levels, and bowel diameter in loopograms were compared. The safety of MFR was evaluated. Results Twenty infants were included. The growth rate increased considerably, and the colon diameter was significantly larger after MFR. However, the citrulline levels did not significantly differ between the normal-output MFR and the control group. One case of bowel perforation occurred during the manual reduction for stoma prolapse. Although the association with MFR was unclear, two cases of culture-proven sepsis during MFR were noted. Conclusions MFR benefits the growth and intestinal adaptation of preterm infants with enterostomy and can be safely implemented with a standardized protocol. However, infectious complications need to be investigated further. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov NCT02812095, retrospectively registered on June 6, 2016.This study was supported by Research Resettlement Fund for the new faculty of Seoul National University and Research Fund of Seoul National University Hospital (3020200170)

Manifestation of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation in the Kuroshio

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2009. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 36 (2009): L16602, doi:10.1029/2009GL039216.Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index is strongly correlated with vertically integrated transport carried by the Kuroshio through the East China Sea (ECS). Transport was determined from satellite altimetry calibrated with in situ data and its correlation with PDO index (0.76) is highest at zero lag. Total PDO-correlated transport variation carried by the ECS-Kuroshio and Ryukyu Current is about 4 Sv. In addition, PDO index is strongly negatively correlated, at zero lag, with NCEP wind-stress-curl over the central North Pacific at ECS latitudes. Sverdrup transport, calculated from wind-stress-curl anomalies, is consistent with the observed transport variations. Finally, PDO index and ECS-Kuroshio transport are each negatively correlated with Kuroshio Position Index in the Tokara Strait; this can be explained by a model in which Kuroshio path is steered by topography when transport is low and is inertially controlled when transport is high.MA, MW and JP were supported by ONR grant N000140210271. XZ was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant 40776021 and the National Basic Research Programs of China under grant 2006CB400603. KK and KC were supported by the Korea EAST-I Program

Duodenal Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma: A Case Report

Primary duodenal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is very rare, and little is known about its clinical course or effective treatment. We describe a case of primary duodenal MALT lymphoma that was resistant to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication and regressed after chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisolone (CVP). A 71-year-old woman was referred to our department because of epigastric pain and dyspepsia. Gastroduodenoscopy revealed an irregular mucosal nodular lesion with ulceration extending from the bulb to the second portion of the duodenum. Histopathological examination of a biopsy specimen disclosed low-grade MALT lymphoma composed of atypical lymphoid cells with lymphoepithelial lesion. Abdominal CT scans revealed 0.5 to 1.5 cm lymph nodes in the peritoneal cavity, suggestive of lymph node metastasis. We successfully eradicated H. pylori but did not see signs of remission. We administered systemic CVP chemotherapy every 3 weeks. After 6 courses of CVP, the patient achieved complete remission and was followed up without recurrence for about a year