Distribution of individual compounds in propolis of different Greek regions.

<p>Distribution of individual compounds in propolis of different Greek regions.</p

New compounds identified by HPLC-PDA-ESI/MS, in Greek regions (also investigated in the past).

<p>New compounds identified by HPLC-PDA-ESI/MS, in Greek regions (also investigated in the past).</p

Revisiting Greek Propolis: Chromatographic Analysis and Antioxidant Activity Study

<div><p>Propolis is a bee product that has been extensively used in alternative medicine and recently has gained interest on a global scale as an essential ingredient of healthy foods and cosmetics. Propolis is also considered to improve human health and to prevent diseases such as inflammation, heart disease, diabetes and even cancer. However, the claimed effects are anticipated to be correlated to its chemical composition. Since propolis is a natural product, its composition is consequently expected to be variable depending on the local flora alignment. In this work, we present the development of a novel HPLC-PDA-ESI/MS targeted method, used to identify and quantify 59 phenolic compounds in Greek propolis hydroalcoholic extracts. Amongst them, nine phenolic compounds are herein reported for the first time in Greek propolis. Alongside GC-MS complementary analysis was employed, unveiling eight additional newly reported compounds. The antioxidant activity study of the propolis samples verified the potential of these extracts to effectively scavenge radicals, with the extract of Imathia region exhibiting comparable antioxidant activity to that of quercetin.</p></div

Distribution of individual compounds in propolis of different Greek regions.

<p>Distribution of individual compounds in propolis of different Greek regions.</p

Magnified HPLC-UV chromatogram (at 280 nm) of Imathia propolis extract.

<p>Magnified HPLC-UV chromatogram (at 280 nm) of Imathia propolis extract.</p

Magnified HPLC-UV chromatogram of a standard solution (500 ng/mL), at 254 nm.

<p>Magnified HPLC-UV chromatogram of a standard solution (500 ng/mL), at 254 nm.</p

HPLC-UV chromatogram (at 254 nm) of standard solution mix (500 ng/mL) with delayed elution of compounds (indicative marking).

<p>HPLC-UV chromatogram (at 254 nm) of standard solution mix (500 ng/mL) with delayed elution of compounds (indicative marking).</p

Distribution of newly identified compounds (assessed by GC-MS) in ethanolic extracts of Greek propolis.

<p>Distribution of newly identified compounds (assessed by GC-MS) in ethanolic extracts of Greek propolis.</p

Magnified GC-MS chromatogram of Crete propolis sample.

<p>Magnified GC-MS chromatogram of Crete propolis sample.</p