Correlation of the ratio of ethmoidal to maxillary CT scores with inflammatory markers in different endotypes of CRSwNP, including (A) IL–4 mRNA, (B) IL–5 mRNA, (C) IFN-γ mRNA, (D) total IgE homogenate, and (E) periostin mRNA.

<p>Correlation of the ratio of ethmoidal to maxillary CT scores with inflammatory markers in different endotypes of CRSwNP, including (A) IL–4 mRNA, (B) IL–5 mRNA, (C) IFN-γ mRNA, (D) total IgE homogenate, and (E) periostin mRNA.</p

Distinctive histological features of non-eosinophilic CRSwNP patients.

<p><b>(A)</b> Comparison of the proportion of total NP tissue area occupied by pseudocysts in different endotypes of CRSwNP and representative hematoxylin/eosin staining images of a pseudocyst (red arrow) within the epithelial layer from non-eosinophilic NP tissues (40×) <b>(B)</b> Comparison of a yellowish spot in NP tissue between non-eosinophilic and eosinophilic CRSwNP patients and representative images of a yellowish spot (red arrow) found on endoscopy in a non-eosinophilic CRSwNP patient. (*<i>p</i><0.05, **<i>p</i><0.01, and ***<i>p</i><0.001). Data represent medians. E-NP, eosinophilic nasal polyp; NE-NP, non-eosinophilic nasal polyp.</p

Patient characteristics and methods used.

<p>N/A: Not applicable</p><p>Patient characteristics and methods used.</p

Non-Eosinophilic Nasal Polyps Shows Increased Epithelial Proliferation and Localized Disease Pattern in the Early Stage - Fig 1

<p><b>(A)</b> Comparison of total inflammatory cells, EMBP⁺ cells, and HNE⁺ cell were performed in NP tissues between non-eosinophilic and eosinophilic CRSwNP patients <b>(B)</b> Expression of Ki–67 in NP tissues from non-eosinophilic and eosinophilic CRSwNP patients. Number of Ki-67-positive epithelial cells per 100 cells, averaged from three different areas of epithelium (*<i>p</i><0.05, **<i>p</i><0.01, and ***<i>p</i><0.001). Data represent means (SD). E-NP, eosinophilic nasal polyp; NE-NP, non-eosinophilic nasal polyp.</p

Comparison of clinical CT findings and correlation between Lund-MacKay CT score/clinical CT findings in different endotypes of CRSwNP, including (A) subtraction of CT scores, (B) olfactory opacification scores, and (C) ethmoidal scores and maxillary scores (*<i>p</i><0.05, **<i>p</i><0.01, and ***<i>p</i><0.001).

<p>Data represent medians (IQR). E-NP, eosinophilic nasal polyp; NE-NP, non-eosinophilic nasal polyp.</p

Age-related changes of neutrophils and neutrophil-associated cytokines between nasal polyps and uncinated process tissues.

<p>(A) Human Neutrophil Elastase (HNE)-positive cells (n = 38). (B) IL-23 protein levels in homogenate (n = 23). (C) IL-17A protein levels in homogenate (n = 23), (D) CXCL-8 protein levels in homogenate (n = 23). Y-axis means the values subtracting levels of uncinate process tissue from those of nasal polyps from the same patient (NP-UP). E-NP: Eosinophilic nasal polyps; NE-NP: Non-eosinophilic nasal polyps.</p

Age-related changes of blood neutrophils, neutrophil-recruiting chemokines and their receptor in the subtype of nasal polyps.

<p>(A) Blood neutrophil count (n = 61). (B) CXCL-8 protein levels in homogenate (n = 36). (C) Expression of CXCL-8 mRNA (n = 54). (D) Expression of CXCL-1 mRNA (n = 70). (E) Expression of CXCL-2 mRNA (n = 70). (F) Decline of expression of CXCR-2 mRNA in NE-NP (n = 70; R = -0.323, <i>P</i> = 0.08). (G) Comparison of expression of CXCR-2 mRNA among age groups in NE-NP (n = 70, *<i>P<</i>0.05; **<i>P</i><0.01), E-NP: Eosinophilic nasal polyps; NE-NP: Non-eosinophilic nasal polyps.</p

Demographic and Clinical characteristics of patients with nasal polyps.

<p>Demographic and Clinical characteristics of patients with nasal polyps.</p

Age-related changes of postoperative endoscopic scores.

<p>(A) Lund-Kennedy endoscopic scores (n = 48). (B) Comparison of endoscopic scores among age group in NE-NP (n = 20, *<i>P</i><0.05).</p

Age-related changes of CT score, neutrophils and neutrophil-associated cytokine in the subtype of nasal polyps.

<p>(A) CT score (n = 80). (B) Comparison of CT score among age groups in NE-NP (n = 37, **<i>P</i><0.01). (C) Human Neutrophil Elastase (HNE)-positive cells (n = 57). (D) Expression of Myeloperoxidase (MPO) mRNA (n = 61). (E) IL-23 protein levels in homogenate (n = 36). (F) Expression of IL-23p19 mRNA (n = 70). (G) IL-17A protein levels in homogenate (n = 36). (H) Expression of IL-17A mRNA (n = 60). E-NP: Eosinophilic nasal polyps; NE-NP: Non-eosinophilic nasal polyps.</p