Timing of Convertible Debt Financing and Investment

In this paper, we examine the optimal investment policy of the firm which is financed by issuing equity, straight debt and convertible debt. We extend the model in Mauer and Sarkar (2005) over financing with convertible debt. We examine two different investment policies that maximize the equity value and the firm value and show the agency cost as the difference between each policy value. Furthermore, we investigate how the issuance of convertible debt affects investment.

障害児教育における「自立」の概念

近年の障害児教育についての考え方について、「２１世紀の特殊教育の在り方について（２００１年）」、「今後の特別支援教育の在り方について（２００３年）」及び「盲学校聾学校及び養護学校高等部学習指導要領（１９９９年３月）」を、１９７０年代に養護学校全員就学を推進した側の考え方と比較した。その結果、近年の障害児教育分野では、子どもの発達要求と自主性を尊重するというよりは、「自立と社会参加」の基盤としての「生きる力」を培うことが障害児教育の目的として強調されていることが考えられた。In this paper, I consider the philosophy of the education of children with disabilities by comparing "How Special Education in the 21st Century Should Be (2001)", "How Special Needs Education Should Be in the Future (2003)", and "Teaching Guidelines for Schools for the Blind and Deaf and High Schools for Students with Disabilities (March 1999)", with the philosophy to promote the enrollment of all children with disabilities in schools for children with disabilities in the 1970s. My finding is that in the recent education of children with disabilities the development of "the ability to live" as the basis for "independence and social participation", rather than the recognition of "children\u27s desire to develop and self initiative", is stressed as a purpose for the education of children with disabilities

脳画像研究における偶発的所見への対処法 : 政策の提言および導入後の実態調査

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : (主査)東京大学教授 山本 則子, 東京大学教授 松山 裕, 東京大学教授 武藤 香織, 東京大学教授 山崎 力, 東京大学准教授 島津 明人University of Tokyo(東京大学

ｱﾒﾘｶにおける発達障害者の学校から職業生活への移行支援

発達障害者の移行支援について､ｱﾒﾘｶにおける発達障害者支援の法制度の発展､日本とｱﾒﾘｶの発達障害者支援法の比較､ｱﾒﾘｶにおける発達障害者の移行支援から､学生が自らの適性を理解するための仕組みを考察した｡ｱﾒﾘｶでは､権利擁護と IEP のような具体的な移行支援の方策を制度づけることによって､具体的な対処の方法とともに障害や適性と向き合いやすいようになっている｡これに対し日本では､適性を理解するための機会と支援､対応策が制度として整っていないことが考えられた｡支援者の裁量を残しつつ､権利性と早期からの具体的な支援制度を整備することが､移行支援と適性を理解することへの支援につながると考えられた｡This paper considers the process that make students who possibly have developmental disability understand their characters in support for transition from school or college to vocational life through reviews of the evolution of the laws for people with developmental disability in the U.S., the comparison the Administration on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in the U.S. with the Act on Support for Person with Developmental Disabilities in Japan, and supports for transition for people with developmental disability in the U.S.. In the U.S., the system of advocacy and IEP which provide specific support for transition makes people easy to face their characters with specific cooping ways. In Japan, few systems, supports, and countermeasures have arranged to face and understand their characters. It is considered that support for transition and understanding characters is leaded by improvement of the support system to recognize their rights, and to make it earlier and more specific with keeping supporter\u27s discretion

Discovery and informing research participants of incidental findings detected in brain magnetic resonance imaging studies : Review and multi‐institutional study

Background: Brain imaging studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI ) sometimes reveal incidental findings (IFs) that might be relevant to some of the health issues in research participants. Although professional communities have discussed how to manage these IFs, there is no global consensus on the concrete handling procedures including how to inform participants of IFs. Methods: First, this study reviewed previous studies for the number of IFs discovered in brain imaging studies using MEDLINE. Second, a multi‐institutional study determined the number of IF discoveries and evaluated the method of informing participants at multiple institutions, which participated in a national brain science project in Japan. Results: Both the review and multi‐institutional study showed that IFs with a high urgency level were discovered in 0–2.0% of participants, including healthy volunteers, and that the rate of IF discovery in general was higher in studies conducted in elderly population. Moreover, multi‐institutional study suggested the criteria used to judge whether or not to inform participants of IFs may differ by institution. Conclusions: Our results suggest that in order to ensure informing the participants of high urgency IFs, physicians who are capable of interpreting brain images clinically should review all brain images, and the establishment of a support system is required for brain imaging studies at nonmedical institutions. Since the method of informing participants of IFs might affect their understanding and acceptance of IFs, which are related to managing risks of false “clean bill of health” or psychological impacts of informing IFs, further research focusing on communication of IFs is needed

Development of Subsea Creature Monitoring Station for AUV Exploration Assistance

In this paper, we introduce our recent result on developing a low cost monitoring station. This station is intended to monitor underwater images of subsea creatures wirelessly from a boat in advance before an exploration AUV is put into water. We describe the concept, the design and system integration of the station in the paper. We also present an experimental result that was carried out to test the implemented functions at Suruga bay at 65m water depth.The 2020 International Conference on Artificial Life and Robotics (ICAROB 2020), January 13-16, 2020, B-Con Plaza, Beppu, Oit

Clinical benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin and gemcitabine in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: A single-center retrospective study

Purpose: In cases of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), surgery remains the best option for cure, but surgery is of benefit only when the disease is localized. Although adjuvant chemotherapy reportedly has a significant beneficial effect on survival, the benefit of a carboplatin (CBDCA) regimen is unclear. We therefore investigated the efficacy and tolerability of CBDCA (area under the curve 5) plus gemcitabine (GEM, 1000 mg/m2) as adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: A total of 82 pStage IB-IIIA NSCLC patients who had undergone complete resection and received adjuvant chemotherapy were analyzed retrospectively. Among them, 65 patients received CBDCA + GEM and 17 received CDDP + VNR. Propensity score analysis generated 17 matched pairs of both groups. Results: Sixty-five patients received CBDCA + GEM. Their 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival were 47.8% (median, 52.5 months) and 76.9% (median, 90.1 months), respectively. Toxicities, which included neutropenia, nausea/ anorexia, fatigue, and vasculitis, were significantly milder than with CDDP + VNR. There were no significant differences in RFS between CBDCA + GEM and CDDP + VNR (p = 0.079) after matching for age, performance status, and pStage. Conclusion: CBDCA + GEM was effective and well tolerated as adjuvant chemotherapy, with a manageable toxicity profile

初年次教育の現状と課題 ―Ａ大学社会福祉学科一年次アンケートから―

日本の大学においても、初年次教育が教育課題の一つとして自覚されるようになってきた。私たちは本学における初年次教育のあり方を模索するために、学生の大学生活への適応を支援するための基礎的知見を獲得することを目的として、人間社会学部社会福祉学科一年次生を対象に、大学生活への適応を把握することを目的としたアンケートを実施した。アンケートの結果、大学生活への適応に関しては、４月から７月の最初の三ケ月間における変化が非常に顕著であり、この期間、学生をいかに支援していくかが初年次教育において重要であるということが示唆された。We statistically clarify some characters of the first-year students who major in social welfare to prepare for the First-Year Experience program. In this paper we show noticeble changes in the first three months in adapting to academic life. We suggest that supporting students for the first three months is very important in the First-Year Experience program

Intraoperative diagnosis of lymph node metastasis during segmentectomy for non-small cell lung cancer by rapid immunohistochemistry using noncontact alternating current electric field mixing

Background: Although lobectomy is considered the standard surgery for any non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), recent evidence indicates that for early NSCLCs segmentectomy may be equally effective. For segmentectomy to be oncologically safe, however, adequate intraoperative lymph node staging is essential. The aim of this study was to compare the results of a new rapid-IHC system to the HE analysis for intraoperative nodal diagnosis in lung cancer patients considered for segmentectomy. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the pathological reports from NSCLC resections over a six-year period between 2014 and 2020. Using a new device for rapid-IHC, we applied a high-voltage, low-frequency alternating current (AC) field, which mixes the antipancytokeratin antibody as the voltage is switched on/off. Rapid-IHC can provide a nodal diagnosis within 20 minutes. Results: Frozen sections from 106 resected lymph nodes from 70 patients were intraoperatively evaluated for metastasis. Of those, five nodes were deemed positive based on both HE staining and rapid-IHC. In addition, rapid-IHC alone detected isolated tumor cells in one hilar lymph node. Three cStage IA patients with nodal metastasis detected with HE staining and rapid-IHC received complete lobectomies. Five-year relapse-free survival and overall survival among patients receiving segmentectomy with rapid-IHC were 88.77% and 88.79%, respectively. Conclusions: Rapid-IHC driven by AC mixing is simple, highly accurate, and preserves nodal tissue for subsequent tests. This system can be used effectively for intraoperative nodal diagnosis. Rapid immunohistochemistry based on alternating-current field mixing (completed within 20 minutes) is simple and highly accurate. This system will assist clinicians when making intraoperative diagnoses of lymph node metastasis and deciding upon the appropriate surgical procedure in segmentectomy for lung cancer