メソポーラスシリカに吸着する水の分子論的研究

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : (主査)東京大学教授 大宮司 啓文, 東京大学教授 飛原 英治, 東京大学准教授 陳 昱, 東京大学教授 丸山 茂夫, 東京大学教授 高木 周University of Tokyo(東京大学

Enzymatic Conversion of Cypridina Luciferyl Sulfate to Cypridina Luciferin with Coenzyme A as a Sulfate Acceptor in Cypridina (Vargula) hilgendorfii

In the luminous ostracod Cypridina (presently Vargula) hilgendorfii, Cypridina luciferyl sulfate (3-enol sulfate of Cypridina luciferin) is converted to Cypridina luciferin by a sulfotransferase with 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphate (PAP) as a sulfate acceptor. The resultant Cypridina luciferin is used for the luciferase–luciferin reaction of Cypridina to emit blue light. The luminescence stimulation with major organic cofactors was examined using the crude extracts of Cypridina specimens, and we found that the addition of coenzyme A (CoA) to the crude extracts significantly stimulated luminescence intensity. Further, the light-emitting source in the crude extracts stimulated with CoA was identified as Cypridina luciferyl sulfate, and we demonstrated that CoA could act as a sulfate acceptor from Cypridina luciferyl sulfate. In addition, the sulfate group of Cypridina luciferyl sulfate was also transferred to adenosine 5′-monophosphate (5′-AMP) and adenosine 3′-monophosphate (3′-AMP) by a sulfotransferase. The sulfated products corresponding to CoA, 5′-AMP, and 3′-AMP were identified using mass spectrometry. This is the first report that CoA can act as a sulfate acceptor in a sulfotransferase reaction

Noninvasive and safe cell viability assay for Euglena gracilis using natural food pigment

Noninvasive and safe cell viability assay is required in many fields such as regenerative medicine, genetic engineering, single-cell analysis, and microbial food culture. In this case, a safe and inexpensive method which is a small load on cells and the environment is preferable without requiring expensive and space-consuming equipment and a technician to operate. We examined eight typical natural food pigments to find Monascus pigment (MP) or anthocyanin pigment (AP) works as a good viability indicator of dye exclusion test (DET) for Euglena gracilis which is an edible photosynthetic green microalga. This is the first report using natural food pigments as cell viability assay. Euglena gracilis stained by MP or AP can be visually judged with a bright field microscope. This was spectrally confirmed by scan-free, non-invasive absorbance spectral imaging A(x, y, λ) microscopy of single live cells and principal component analysis (PCA). To confirm the ability of staining dead cells and examine the load on the cells, these two natural pigments were compared with trypan blue (TB) and methylene blue (MP), which are synthetic dyes conventionally used for DET. As a result, MP and AP had as good ability of staining dead cells treated with microwave as TB and MB and showed faster and more uniform staining for dead cells in benzalkonium chloride than them. The growth curve and the ratio of dead cells in the culture showed that the synthetic dyes inhibit the growth of E. gracilis, but the natural pigments do not. As the cell density increased, however, AP increased the ratio of stained cells, which was prevented by the addition of glucose. MP can stain dead cells in a shorter time than AP, while AP is more stable in color against long-term irradiation of intense light than MP. Due to the low toxicity of these pigments, viability of cells in culture can be monitored with them over a long period

脳波測定によるフォルメン線描の検討 －デジタルペンタブレット上でフォルメン線描は可能か

本研究はシュタイナー教育の意義を科学的アプローチによって明らかにすることを目指すものである。具体的には本論考において、シュタイナー教育独自の実践である「フォルメン線描（Formenzeichnen）」の意義を線描実践者の脳波測定によって明らかにしてゆくが、ここでは問題を絞りこみ、画用紙上で行った場合とデジタルペンタブレット上で行った場合の脳波の違いを検討する。シュタイナー学校におけるフォルメン線描は通常、画用紙上で行われるものであるが、それをデジタルペンタブレットで行った場合、実践者の脳波がいかなる状態にあるか分析を試みた

脳波測定を通じたぬらし絵（にじみ絵）の分析

本論文は、シュタイナー教育独自の実践であるぬらし絵（にじみ絵）の意義を、実践者の脳波測定によって明らかにすることを目指すものである。「ぬらし絵」は、シュタイナー学校において幼児期から6、7 年生頃まで行われる実践であるが、これは海綿（スポンジ）で水を含ませた画用紙に透明水彩を置いてゆく実践である。紙に水を十分含ませるため、絵筆を置いてみると、色彩がにじみながら画面全体に広がってゆく。描き手の意図しない形にどんどん色彩が広がってゆくのである。筆者はこれまでにシュタイナー教育における諸実践のうち、フォルメン線描、オイリュトミーの分析を行ってきたが、本論文では、ぬらし絵の意義を脳波測定を通じて明らかにしたい。科学的アプローチからシュタイナー教育を読み解いてゆくわけだが、本研究ではすでに脳波研究分野で実績のある脳波計MUSE を使用した

シュタイナー教育における楽器演奏時の脳波の分析

筆者らはこれまでにシュタイナー教育における諸実践のうち、フォルメン線描、オイリュトミー、ぬらし絵の分析を行ってきた。本研究もその延長線上に位置づくものであり、シュタイナー教育において、楽器演奏がもたらす効果を演奏者の脳波測定によって明らかにすることを目指すものである。その第一歩として、すでに脳波研究分野で実績のある脳波計MUSE を使用し、シュタイナー教育幼稚園にて、長年音楽教育実践のある楽器演奏者を被験者として楽器演奏時の脳波測定を行い、奏者の脳波がいかなる状態になっているかを分析した。使用した楽器は、様々な形状のライアー、グロッケン（鉄琴）、木琴、笛（木製）、フィンガーシンバル、クーゲル（オルゴールボール）である。ライアーや笛のように、複雑な指の動きを要する楽器の演奏時では、論理的思考や緊張感を示す脳波が上昇した。特に、呼気の調節も必要な笛ではこれらの脳波が顕著に上昇した。フィンガーシンバルは音を鳴らす直前に、論理的思考や緊張感を示す脳波が上昇する一方、その余韻を聴いているときは安静を示す脳波が上昇した。また、ライアーの音階を、短時間で連続的に上昇させた（アップストローク奏法）際には、深いリラクゼーション時に現れるとされるθ波の有意な上昇が観測された。以上より、演奏者は音楽（曲）を演奏する際には、音階と時間（タイミング）の論理的整合性が要求されるため、論理的思考や緊張感を示す脳波が優位になる一方、その音色を演奏者自身が聴く際には安らぎを感じていることが示唆された

Percutaneous coronary intervention using new-generation drug-eluting stents versus coronary arterial bypass grafting in stable patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease: From the CREDO-Kyoto PCI/CABG registry Cohort-3

AIMS: There is a scarcity of studies comparing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using new-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease. METHODS AND RESULTS: The CREDO-Kyoto PCI/CABG registry Cohort-3 enrolled 14927 consecutive patients who underwent first coronary revascularization with PCI or isolated CABG between January 2011 and December 2013. The current study population consisted of 2464 patients who underwent multi-vessel coronary revascularization including revascularization of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) either with PCI using new-generation DES (N = 1565), or with CABG (N = 899). Patients in the PCI group were older and more often had severe frailty, but had less complex coronary anatomy, and less complete revascularization than those in the CABG group. Cumulative 5-year incidence of a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction or stroke was not significantly different between the 2 groups (25.0% versus 21.5%, P = 0.15). However, after adjusting confounders, the excess risk of PCI relative to CABG turned to be significant for the composite endpoint (HR 1.27, 95%CI 1.04-1.55, P = 0.02). PCI as compared with CABG was associated with comparable adjusted risk for all-cause death (HR 1.22, 95%CI 0.96-1.55, P = 0.11), and stroke (HR 1.17, 95%CI 0.79-1.73, P = 0.44), but with excess adjusted risk for myocardial infarction (HR 1.58, 95%CI 1.05-2.39, P = 0.03), and any coronary revascularization (HR 2.66, 95%CI 2.06-3.43, P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In this observational study, PCI with new-generation DES as compared with CABG was associated with excess long-term risk for major cardiovascular events in patients who underwent multi-vessel coronary revascularization including LAD

Uniformly Ultimate Boundedness Control with Decentralized Event-Triggering

Event-triggered control is a method that the control input is updated only when a certain condition is satisfied (i.e., an event occurs). In this paper, event-triggered control over a sensor network is studied based on the notion of uniformly ultimate boundedness. Since sensors are located in a distributed way, we consider multiple event-triggering conditions. In uniformly ultimate boundedness, it is guaranteed that if the state reaches a certain set containing the origin, the state stays within this set. Using this notion, the occurrence of events in the neighborhood of the origin is inhibited. First, the simultaneous design problem of a controller and event-triggering conditions is formulated. Next, this problem is reduced to an LMI (linear matrix inequality) optimization problem. Finally, the proposed method is demonstrated by a numerical example

Linear Quadratic Regulator with Decentralized Event-Triggering

Event-triggered control is a control method that the measured signal is sent to the controller only when a certain triggering condition on the measured signal is satisfied. In this paper, we propose a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) with decentralized triggering conditions. First, a suboptimal solution to the design problem of LQRs with decentralized triggering conditions is derived. A state-feedback gain can be obtained by solving a convex optimization problem with LMI (linear matrix inequality) constraints. Next, the relation between centralized and decentralized triggering conditions is discussed. It is shown that control performance of an LQR with decentralized event-triggering is better than that with centralized event-triggering. Finally, a numerical example is illustrated