The Effects of Malonic Acid Derivatives and Acetic Acid Derivatives as Coadsorbents on the Photovoltaic Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

The effects of malonic acid derivatives and acetic acid derivatives as coadsorbents on the photovoltaic performance of D908 dye-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO 2 solar cells were investigated. Each of phenylmalonic acid (PMA) and cyclopentylacetic acid (CPEAA) coadsorptions was revealed to improve both the photocurrent and the photovoltage of the solar cells. The improved photocurrent was probably due to the suppression of self-quenching of the excited electrons in the dyes by coadsorption of PMA or CPEAA on the TiO 2 that increased in the electron-injection yields from the dye to the TiO 2 . The improved photovoltage was probably due to suppression of recombination between the injected electrons and I 3 − ions on the TiO 2 surface. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy indicated that PMA or CPEAA coadsorption increased the content of bound dye on the TiO 2 surface. This result suggests that PMA or CPEAA coadsorption improved the photocurrent of the solar cells. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicated that PMA or CPEAA coadsorption on the TiO 2 surface increased the charge recombination resistance (R2) and decreased the diffusion resistance in the electrolyte (R3). These results suggest that the coadsorption of PMA or CPEAA on the TiO 2 may improve its photovoltage and photocurrent

Surgery in the Standing Position by a Surgeon with Achilles Tendon Rupture

Unexpected injuries can have a profound effect on a surgeonʼs performance and thus on patients and surgical departments. Here we describe a technique for performing surgery in the standing position, as done by a surgeon with an Achilles tendon rupture. During his prescribed 45-day non-weight-bearing period for the left ankle after surgery for an Achilles tendon rupture, the surgeon was able to participate in 15 surgeries as an operator or assistant, due to his use of a combination of injured-leg genuflection on a stool and a ʻSurgical Body Supportʼ device. Similarly injured surgeons may benefit from such support

The Effects of Malonic Acid Derivatives and Acetic Acid Derivatives as Coadsorbents on the Photovoltaic Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

The effects of malonic acid derivatives and acetic acid derivatives as coadsorbents on the photovoltaic performance of D908 dye-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 solar cells were investigated. Each of phenylmalonic acid (PMA) and cyclopentylacetic acid (CPEAA) coadsorptions was revealed to improve both the photocurrent and the photovoltage of the solar cells. The improved photocurrent was probably due to the suppression of self-quenching of the excited electrons in the dyes by coadsorption of PMA or CPEAA on the TiO2 that increased in the electron-injection yields from the dye to the TiO2. The improved photovoltage was probably due to suppression of recombination between the injected electrons and ions on the TiO2 surface. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy indicated that PMA or CPEAA coadsorption increased the content of bound dye on the TiO2 surface. This result suggests that PMA or CPEAA coadsorption improved the photocurrent of the solar cells. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicated that PMA or CPEAA coadsorption on the TiO2 surface increased the charge recombination resistance (R2) and decreased the diffusion resistance in the electrolyte (R3). These results suggest that the coadsorption of PMA or CPEAA on the TiO2 may improve its photovoltage and photocurrent

Power Generation Performance of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Equipped With an Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Electrolyte Formed Over a Support Metal Plate

AbstractA solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) formed on a stainless-steel plate having through holes was studied. The obtained metal-supported SOFC can be operated at high temperatures such as 750 °C because it comprises an yttria-stabilized zirconia electrolyte. It was confirmed that the aperture ratio of the support metal plate affected the power generation performance of the metal-supported SOFC. The power density of the obtained SOFC at 0.8 V was increased from 0.22 W/cm2 to 0.85 W/cm2 at 750 °C by increasing the aperture ratio from 0.2% to 5.3%. Thus, it was found that the SOFC formed on a support metal plate having through-holes could show a power density comparable to or higher than that of previously reported SOFCs formed on porous sintered metal supports

Surgery in the Standing Position by a Surgeon with Achilles Tendon Rupture

Unexpected injuries can have a profound effect on a surgeonʼs performance and thus on patients and surgical departments. Here we describe a technique for performing surgery in the standing position, as done by a surgeon with an Achilles tendon rupture. During his prescribed 45-day non-weight-bearing period for the left ankle after surgery for an Achilles tendon rupture, the surgeon was able to participate in 15 surgeries as an operator or assistant, due to his use of a combination of injured-leg genuflection on a stool and a ʻSurgical Body Supportʼ device. Similarly injured surgeons may benefit from such support

Vertical movement profiles (black lines) of five wild eels and lunar cycle during nighttime (17:00–5:00) in KC area.

<p>A-E, WE6285 (November 29—December 4). F, WE6288 (December 5–6). G-L, WE6289 (December 8–14). M, WE6287 (December 16–17). N, WE6286 (December 18–19). Moon phase is shown in the black quadrangle and is indicated by the number. Sunset (inverted closed triangle), moon rise (open triangle) and moon set (inverted open triangle).</p

Vertical movement profiles of 10 wild eels in the morning (4:00–7:00) and evening (16:00–19:00) in the last day of tracking.

<p>WE2999 (July 12), WE3001 (July 14), WE3002 (July 20), WE4264 (August 14), WE4265 (August 19), WE6285 (December 3), WE6288 (December 6), WE6289 (December 15), WE6287 (December 17), and WE6286 (December 19). Black and red lines indicate eels’ migration depth and light intensity, respectively. Visually determined starting points of descent in the morning (inverted closed triangle) and ascent in the evening (open triangle). Vertical dotted line indicates sunrise or sunset.</p

Four locations (A-D) for collecting the Japanese eels (<i>Anguilla japonica</i>) that were used for tracking, and eleven locations (1–11) where the eels were released and tracked.

<p>A: Tone River (Chiba Prefecture), B: Naka River (Tokyo), C: Mikawa Bay (Aichi Prefecture), D: Amikake River (Kagoshima Prefecture). 1–6: tropical to subtropical area (TS). 7–11: temperate area around Kuroshio Current (KC). See Tables <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0121801#pone.0121801.t001" target="_blank">1</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0121801#pone.0121801.t002" target="_blank">2</a> for details.</p