52 research outputs found
Trap States Ruling Photoconductive Gain in Tissue-Equivalent, Printed Organic X-Ray Detectors
Organic semiconductors are excellent candidates for X-ray detectors that can adapt to new applications, with unique properties including mechanical flexibility and the ability to cover large surfaces. Their chemical composition, primarily carbon and hydrogen, makes them human tissue equivalent in terms of radiation absorption. This is a highly desirable property for a radiation dosimeter to be employed in medical diagnostics and therapy, however a low-Z composition limits the absorption of ionizing radiation. The detection efficiency can be enhanced by considering the photoconductive gain (PG) effect, a significant contributor to the ionizing radiation detection mechanism in this class of materials. In this work, a process of controlled solution deposition by nozzle printing and crystallization of an organic semiconductor thin film is demonstrated whereby a flexible, arrayed thin-film X-ray detector with record X-ray sensitivities among flexible radiation detectors (S = (9.0 +/- 0.4) x 10(7) mu C Gy(-1) cm(-3)) is developed. The excitonic peaks responsible for the activation of the PG effect are investigated and identified using a novel technique called photocurrent spectroscopy optical quenching, and the analysis of the changes in trap states is further demonstrated
Permanent water swelling effect in low temperature thermally reduced graphene oxide
We demonstrate permanent water trapping in reduced graphene oxide after high relative humidity exposure. For this purpose, we grew graphene oxide films via spin-coating on glass substrates followed by thermal reduction. The electrical resistance of the planar device was then measured. We observed that resistance is significantly increased after water vapor exposure and remains stable even after 250 days in ambient conditions. Various techniques were applied to desorb the water and decrease (recover) the material's resistance, but it was achieved only with low temperature thermal annealing (180 °C) under forming gas (H2/N2 mixture). The permanent effect of water absorption was also detected by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.</p
Recommended from our members
Helium-ion-induced radiation damage in LiNbOâ thin-film electro-optic modulators
Helium-ion-induced radiation damage in a LiNbOâ-thin-film (10 ÎŒm-thick) modulator is experimentally investigated. The results demonstrate a degradation of the device performance in the presence of Heâș irradiation at doses of â„ 1016 cmâ»ÂČ. The experiments also show that the presence of the Heâș stopping region, which determines the degree of overlap between the ion-damaged region and the guided optical mode, plays a major role in determining the degree of degradation in modulation performance. Our measurements showed that the higher overlap can lead to an additional ~5.5 dB propagation loss. The irradiation-induced change of crystal-film anisotropy(nâânâ )of ~36% was observed for the highest dose used in the experiments. The relevant device extinction ratio, VÏL, and device insertion loss, as well the damage mechanisms of each of these parameters are also reported and discussed
Performance of Monolayer Graphene Nanomechanical Resonators with Electrical Readout
The enormous stiffness and low density of graphene make it an ideal material
for nanoelectromechanical (NEMS) applications. We demonstrate fabrication and
electrical readout of monolayer graphene resonators, and test their response to
changes in mass and temperature. The devices show resonances in the MHz range.
The strong dependence of the resonant frequency on applied gate voltage can be
fit to a membrane model, which yields the mass density and built-in strain.
Upon removal and addition of mass, we observe changes in both the density and
the strain, indicating that adsorbates impart tension to the graphene. Upon
cooling, the frequency increases; the shift rate can be used to measure the
unusual negative thermal expansion coefficient of graphene. The quality factor
increases with decreasing temperature, reaching ~10,000 at 5 K. By establishing
many of the basic attributes of monolayer graphene resonators, these studies
lay the groundwork for applications, including high-sensitivity mass detectors
Recommended from our members
Early defect identification for micro light-emitting diode displays via photoluminescent and cathodoluminescent imaging
Ultrahigh-resolution micro light-emitting diode (LED) displays are emerging as a viable technology for self-emissive displays. Several of the critical issues facing micro LED displays with millions of pixels are fidelity, process control, and defect analysis during LED fabrication and transfer. Here, we investigate two non-destructive test methods, photoluminescent and cathodoluminescent imaging, and compare them with electroluminescent images to verify LED fidelity and evaluate these methods as potential tools for defect analysis. We show that utilizing cathodoluminescent imaging as an analysis tool provides a rich data set that can identify and categorize common defects during micro LED display fabrication that correspond to electroluminescence. Photoluminescent imaging, however, is not an effective method for fidelity analysis but does provide information on dry-etching uniformity
In situ study of pentacene interaction with archetypal hybrid contacts: Fluorinated versus alkane thiols on gold
One approach developed to improve the performance of bottom contact source/drain electrodes is to treat the contacts with thiols before deposition of the semiconductor. There is evidence indicating that improvement is due to both morphological effects and improved work function matching. Especially suggestive evidence shows that thiols that increase the effective work function of the contacts (e.g., fluorinated thiols) yield better device performance than work function decreasing thiols (e.g., alkane thiols). Here, we compare two technologically relevant thiol treatments, an alkane thiol (1-hexadecanethiol), and a fluorinated thiol (pentafluorobenzenethiol), in pentacene organic field effect transistors. Using in situ semiconductor deposition, x-ray photo-emission, and x-ray absorption spectroscopy, we are able to directly observe the interaction between the semiconductor and the thiol-treated gold layers. Our spectroscopic analysis suggests that there is not a site-specific chemical reaction between the pentacene and the thiol molecules. A homogeneous standing-up pentacene orientation was observed in both treated substrates, consistent with the morphological improvement expected from thiol treatment in both samples. Our study shows that both the highest occupied molecular orbital-Fermi level offset and C 1s binding energy are shifted in the two thiol systems, which can be explained by varied dipole direction within the two thiols, causing a change in surface potential. The additional improvement of the electrical performance in the pentafluorobenzenethiol case is originated by a reduced hole injection barrier that is also associated with an increase in the density of states in the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital
- âŠ