PBMCs from T1D follow up had enhanced glycolytic capacity compared to T1D.

<p><b>A</b>. ECAR (mpH/min) in PBMCs from T1D (black circles) and T1D Follow up (open circles) after adding glucose, oligomycin and 2-DG. <b>B</b>. Integration of area under the curve showing comparisons in ECAR between T1D and T1D Follow up with additives, as shown.</p

Demographic information.

<p>Demographic information.</p

Cytokine production is not increased in T1D compared to T1D follow up.

<p>Cells were cultured for 24 h with and without stimulation with anti CD3/CD28, the supernatant collected and assayed by multiplex cytokine ELISA. Data were log-transformed to obtain normal distributions. <b>A. T1D NS (grey circles) vs S (black circles)</b> Cytokines that showed statistically significant different in T1D between unstimulated and stimulated PBMCs. <b>B. T1D F/U NS (grey circles) vs S (black circles)</b> Cytokine concentration in PBMCs from T1D Follow up. <b>C. T1D S (black circles) vs T1D F/U S (black squares)</b> Comparison of cytokine expression on stimulated PBMCs from subjects with T1D and T1D Follow up. (* indicate p < 0.05).</p

PD-1 expression recovers in T1D follow up.

<p><b>A</b>. Subpopulations of T cells, one that down regulates PD-1 and the other that upregulates PD-1 <b>B</b>. Expression of PD-1 in T cells from T1D after 4–6 months post diagnosis (T1D Follow up) (* indicate p < 0.05). Top left CD3⁺ CD4⁺ lymphocyte gate, top right CD3⁺ CD8⁺ lymphocyte gate, bottom left CD3⁺ CD4⁺ large gate, and bottom right CD3⁺ CD8⁺ large gate.</p