Aspects of the Reproductive Biology and Growth of the Mississippi Silvery Minnow, \u3ci\u3e Hybognathus nuchalis \u3c/i\u3e(Agassiz, 1855) (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the Pearl River, Louisiana.

The reproductive biology and growth of the Mississippi Silvery Minnow, Hybognathus nuchalis, is described from multiple sites in the Pearl River, Louisiana. Individuals were collected from August 2011 to August 2012. Ovarian weights, expressed as a percentage of body weights, peaked in December. Size structure ranged from 29.0 to 60.0 mm SL for females and 25.0 to 56.0 mm SL for males. Mature ova were found from November to January. Females reached first maturity (L50) at 37.0 mm SL and L50 for males is at 41.0 mm SL. Sex ratio (females:males) is biased towards females (X2= 18.57 p \u3c 0.05). Fecundity of mature individuals ranged from 118 to 830 ova (mean 433±256.8 SD) in fish 30-50 mm SL. There was negative allometric growth for both sexes and there was a significant relationship significant between SL and body weight for both sex (R2=0.9, p\u3c0.05)

Checklist of the Inland Fishes of Louisiana

Since the publication of Freshwater Fishes of Louisiana (Douglas, 1974) and a revised checklist (Douglas and Jordan, 2002), much has changed regarding knowledge of inland fishes in the state. An updated reference on Louisiana’s inland and coastal fishes is long overdue. Inland waters of Louisiana are home to at least 224 species (165 primarily freshwater, 28 primarily marine, and 31 euryhaline or diadromous) in 45 families. This checklist is based on a compilation of fish collections records in Louisiana from 19 data providers in the Fishnet2 network (www.fishnet2.net). The checklist has grown because of descriptions of three new species, new distribution records of both native and non-native species, and the addition numerous of marine species that are known to enter freshwaters in Louisiana

MtDNA subtree of <i>C</i>. <i>nevadae</i> and <i>E</i>. <i>latos</i>.

<p>Mitochondrial subtree depicting the northern and southern clades of <i>Crenichthys nevadae</i> as well as the clade containing <i>Empetrichthys latos</i>. All posterior probabilities greater than 95% unless specified on the tree.</p

nDNA subtree of <i>Crenichthys baileyi</i>.

<p>Nuclear subtree depicting the subspecies relationships of <i>C</i>. <i>baileyi</i>, which has less resolution than the mitochondrial tree. All posterior probabilities greater than 95% unless specified on the tree.</p

Haplotype network.

<p>50% Majority Rule Median Joining Haplotype network based on <i>cytb</i>. Labels match <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0185425#pone.0185425.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a> locality labels. <b>A-</b> <i>C</i>. <i>baileyi</i> complex <b>B-</b> <i>C</i>. <i>nevadae</i> southern clade <b>C-</b> <i>E</i>. <i>latos</i> network <b>D-</b> <i>C</i>. <i>nevadae</i> northern clade.</p

NDNA subtree of <i>C</i>. <i>nevadae</i>.

<p>Nuclear subtree depicting the relationships of <i>Crenichthys nevadae</i>, here only the Southern clade has been retained compared to the mitochondrial tree. All posterior probabilities greater than 95% unless specified on the tree.</p

Let's jump in: A phylogenetic study of the great basin springfishes and poolfishes, <i>Crenichthys</i> and <i>Empetrichthys</i> (Cyprinodontiformes: Goodeidae)

<div><p>North America’s Great Basin has long been of interest to biologists due to its high level of organismal endemicity throughout its endorheic watersheds. One example of such a group is the subfamily Empetricthyinae. In this paper, we analyzed the relationships of the Empetrichtyinae and assessed the validity of the subspecies designations given by Williams and Wilde within the group using concatenated phylogenetic tree estimation and species tree estimation. Samples from 19 populations were included covering the entire distribution of the three extant species of Empetricthyinae–<i>Crenichthys nevadae</i>, <i>Crenichthys baileyi</i> and <i>Empetricthys latos</i>. Three nuclear introns (S8 intron 4, S7 intron 1, and P0 intron 1) and one mitochondrial gene (Cyt<i>b</i>) were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. Using these sequences, we generated two separate hypotheses of the evolutionary relationships of Empetrichtyinae- one based on the mitochondrial data and one based on the nuclear data using Bayesian phylogenetics. Haplotype networks were also generated to look at the relationships of the populations within Empetrichthyinae. After comparing the two phylogenetic hypotheses, species trees were generated using *BEAST with the nuclear data to further test the validity of the subspecies within Empetrichthyinae. The mitochondrial analyses supported four lineages within <i>C</i>. <i>baileyi</i> and 2 within <i>C</i>. <i>nevadae</i>. The concatenated nuclear tree was more conserved, supporting one clade and an unresolved polytomy in both species. The species tree analysis supported the presence of two species within both <i>C</i>. <i>baileyi</i> and <i>C</i>. <i>nevadae</i>. Based on the results of these analyses, the subspecies designations of Williams and Wilde are not valid, rather a conservative approach suggests there are two species within <i>C</i>. <i>nevadae</i> and two species within <i>C</i>. <i>baileyi</i>. No structure was found for <i>E</i>. <i>latos</i> or the populations of Empetricthyinae. This study represents one of many demonstrating the invalidity of subspecies and their detriment to species identification, conservation, and understanding.</p></div

Unconnected genetic distances for both the <i>cytb</i> data and the concatenated nuclear data.

<p>Values below the middle line represent genetic distances for <i>cytb</i> data. Values above represent genetic distances for the concatenated nuclear data.</p