Solutions of Schr\"odinger equations\\ with symmetry in orientation preserving tetrahedral group

We consider the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation \begin{equation*} \Delta u = \big( 1 +\ve V_1(|y|)\big)u - |u|^{p-1}u \quad \text{in} \quad \mathbb{R}^N, \quad N\ge 3, \quad p \in \left(1, \frac{N+2}{N-2}\right).\end{equation*} The phenomenon of pattern formation has been a central theme in the study of nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations. However, the following nonexistence of $O(N)$ symmetry breaking solution is well-known: if the potential function is radial and radially nondecreasing, any positive solution must be radial. Therefore, solutions of interesting patterns, such as those with symmetry in a discrete subgroup of $O(N)$, can only exist after violating the assumptions. For a potential function that is radial but asymptotically decreasing, a solution with symmetry merely in a discrete subgroup of $O(2)$ has been presented. These observations pose the question of whether patterns of higher dimensions can appear. In this study, the existence of nonradial solutions whose symmetry group is a discrete subgroup of $O(3)$, more precisely, the orientation-preserving regular tetrahedral group is shown

The Pattern of Hair Dyeing in Koreans with Gray Hair

Background: Hair graying is considered as a part of normal ageing process. Nonetheless, this process raises a significant cosmetic concern, especially among ethnic Korean elderly whose baseline hair color is black. For this reason, Korean elderly dye their hair with frequency despite the risk of dermatologic problems such as allergic contact dermatitis. Objective: In this study, the authors investigate the prevalence and pattern of hair dyeing and its relation with scalp diseases in Korea. Methods: Six hundred twenty subjects (330 men and 290 women) with graying hair were given a questionnaire survery and underwent a physical examination. Results: Of the 620 total, 272 subjects (43.9%) dyed their hair. Hair dyeing was significantly more frequent among women than among men (p<0.001). Subjects from 50 to 69 years of age showed higher prevalence of hair dyeing when compared to either younger or older groups. Subjective self-assessment of the extent of hair graying was associated with increased prevalence of hair dyeing, that is, individuals who feel graying has advanced by more than 20% of the overall hair were much more likely to dye their hair (p<0.001). Hair dyeing did not correlate with either alopecia or scalp disease. Conclusion: Our survey has found that the prevalence of hair dyeing is higher among Korean women than men. People in their fifties and sixties and people with more than 20% extent of grayness were more likely to dye their hair than otherwise. Hair dyeing was not associated with any increase in the prevalence of scalp diseases.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2013-01/102/2008000790/16SEQ:16PERF_CD:SNU2013-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:2008000790ADJUST_YN:YEMP_ID:A079501DEPT_CD:801CITE_RATE:.611FILENAME:hair dyeing pattern in koreans.pdfDEPT_NM:의학과CONFIRM:

Clinical Benefits of Baricitinib Therapy According to Scalp Hair Regrowth in Patients with Severe Alopecia Areata

Objectives The present analyses report integrated results from BRAVE-AA1 (NCT03570749) and BRAVE-AA2 (NCT03899259) on the clinical benefits of baricitinib treatment on the basis of the amount of scalp hair regrowth through 52 weeks of treatment. Methods This post hoc analysis was conducted with data from patients who were treated continuously for 52 weeks with baricitinib 4 mg or 2 mg. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) and Clinician-Reported Outcome (ClinRO) for Eyebrow (EB) and Eyelash (EL) hair. Secondary measures included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Skindex-16 adapted for alopecia areata. At week 52, patients were classified into three subgroups: SALT ≤ 20 response, intermediate response (achieved a 30% improvement from baseline (SALT30) without a SALT score ≤ 20), or nonresponse (never achieved SALT30). The criterion of SALT30 approximates a minimal clinical meaningful response to therapy. Results At week 52, with baricitinib 4 mg treatment, the greatest (70%) improvement in EB and EL was observed in responders, but approximately 50% of patients with intermediate response and 20% of nonresponders experienced complete/nearly complete EB and EL regrowth. Improvement in emotional distress was directionally related to improvements in scalp hair regrowth, while impact on quality of life was proportionately greater for the responder subgroup. Conclusions Clinically meaningful regrowth in eyebrow and eyelash hair can occur in the absence of complete scalp hair regrowth after treatment with baricitinib. Emotional distress and quality of life improvement is most associated with obtaining a clinical meaningful improvement in scalp hair. Trial Registration Number BRAVE-AA1, ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03570749, start date, 24 September 2018; BRAVE-AA2, ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03899259, start date, 8 July 2019

Induction of transforming growth factor-beta 1 by androgen is mediated by reactive oxygen species in hair follicle dermal papilla cells

The progression of androgenetic alopecia is closely related toandrogen-inducible transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 secretionby hair follicle dermal papilla cells (DPCs) in bald scalp.Physiological levels of androgen exposure were reported toincrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In thisstudy, rat vibrissae dermal papilla cells (DP-6) transfected withandrogen receptor showed increased ROS production followingandrogen treatment. We confirmed that TGF-β1 secretion isincreased by androgen treatment in DP-6, whereas androgeninducibleTGF-β1 was significantly suppressed by the ROSscavenger,N-acetyl cysteine. Therefore, we suggest that inductionof TGF-β1 by androgen is mediated by ROS in hair follicleDPCs.This study was supported by a grant from the Korea Healthcare Technology R&D Project, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (Grant No. A103017) and partially by a research agreement with AmorePacific Corporation, Republic of Korea.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2013-01/102/0000045457/8SEQ:8PERF_CD:SNU2013-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000045457ADJUST_YN:NEMP_ID:A079130DEPT_CD:801CITE_RATE:1.634FILENAME:(460-464)bmb 12-228.pdfDEPT_NM:의학과EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:YCONFIRM:

Valuation of New Growth Businesses by Compound Option Model: Comparison of Solar Cell, Automotive Battery, and Bio-Pharmaceutical 사업들이 갖는 기술적, 산업적 파급효과와 더불어 궁극적 으로 사업의 경제적 가치평가의 중요성은 이루 말할 수 없음에도 불구하고, 연구개발 및 사업투자규모에 대한 계 획은 공시되고 있는 반면 그 전체적인 사업성에 대한 분 석은

Abstract While there is ample information on the investment plans about Korea&apos;s selected new growth businesses, it is hard to find any analysis on the valuation of the projects. In this paper, I intend to do a valuation for the three particular technologies, which are solar cell, automotive battery, and bio-pharmaceutical, based on compound option model so that the valuation can capture not only the expected net cash flow but also the value originated from the flexibility of the decision maker. In addition, the real option pricing theory is reviewed and its practical limitations are thoroughly investigated

Identifying the Sources of Declining in Chemical Fertilizer Consumption and Forecasting its Demands in Korea

The purpose of this study is identifying the sources of declining in chemical fertilizer consumption in Korea. Furthermore, this study aims at providing forecasts of fertilizer demands incorporating the impacts of those sources. The study estimates a demand function of fertilizer, and investigates the impacts of reducing fertilizer subsidy on fertilizer demand. The impacts of the policy change on farming cost are estimated by an input-output analysis. The results are combined with those of a time-series estimation of per acre fertilizer consumption and total acreage in order to derive a complete forecast of fertilizer demand in 2013. The paper shows that fertilizer consumption will decline substantially in 10 years, and fertilizers will be over-supplied unless an effective structural adjustment is performed by the industry

Household Size and Consumption Behavior in the Korean Food Demand System

We estimated an EASI (Exact Affine Stone Index) food demand system in Korea using the quarterly data of the period 2006-2021 to investigate the impacts of the family structure on food expenditures. Family structure variables of the model include family size, household head age, and income sources (wage vs. non-wage). The marginal impacts of these household characteristics as well as those of family income and food preference changes over time were estimated. We identified food preference differences among families with a single member, two members, three members, four members, and five and more members. It is shown that both single-member families and two-member families prefer more fishery products and fruits but less grain, meat, and dairy products than large-sized families. However, those two types of small-sized families revealed preferences on processed foods different from each other. Based on the estimation results, we simulated the changes in food expenditures caused by the simultaneous changes in family size, age, and the proportion of wage earners for the last 15 years. It is shown that the family structure change affected fresh food expenditures more than processed food expenditures. We found that the observed trend of increasing shares of meat and processed foods would have been even strengthened if there had been no changes in the family structure

The General Equilibrium Impacts of Reducing Agricultural Nutrient Emissions in Korea

This study analyzes the general equilibrium impacts of regulating agricultural phosphorus emissions in Korea. A static computable general equilibrium model is constructed for the analysis. The study introduces a hypothetical phosphorus emission trading scheme that aims to reduce 10 percent of the total emission from the livestock sector in 2015. Scenario 1 of the analysis assumes that both livestock and fertilizer industries are subject to the regulation, while Scenario 2 assumes that only the livestock industry is subject to the regulation. The government’s emission permit revenue is recycled so that farm households maintain their pre-regulation welfare level. The welfare cost of non-farm households is about 0.4 percent of their total expenditure under both scenarios. The result shows that the marginal abatement cost of Scenario 2 is about 50 percent higher than that of Scenario 1. Although those two policy scenarios result in very similar simulated overall welfare impacts, they have substantial differences in industry-specific effects on domestic production, consumer price, and import/export