Solutions of Schr\"odinger equations\\ with symmetry in orientation preserving tetrahedral group

We consider the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation \begin{equation*} \Delta u = \big( 1 +\ve V_1(|y|)\big)u - |u|^{p-1}u \quad \text{in} \quad \mathbb{R}^N, \quad N\ge 3, \quad p \in \left(1, \frac{N+2}{N-2}\right).\end{equation*} The phenomenon of pattern formation has been a central theme in the study of nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations. However, the following nonexistence of $O(N)$ symmetry breaking solution is well-known: if the potential function is radial and radially nondecreasing, any positive solution must be radial. Therefore, solutions of interesting patterns, such as those with symmetry in a discrete subgroup of $O(N)$, can only exist after violating the assumptions. For a potential function that is radial but asymptotically decreasing, a solution with symmetry merely in a discrete subgroup of $O(2)$ has been presented. These observations pose the question of whether patterns of higher dimensions can appear. In this study, the existence of nonradial solutions whose symmetry group is a discrete subgroup of $O(3)$, more precisely, the orientation-preserving regular tetrahedral group is shown

The Pattern of Hair Dyeing in Koreans with Gray Hair

Background: Hair graying is considered as a part of normal ageing process. Nonetheless, this process raises a significant cosmetic concern, especially among ethnic Korean elderly whose baseline hair color is black. For this reason, Korean elderly dye their hair with frequency despite the risk of dermatologic problems such as allergic contact dermatitis. Objective: In this study, the authors investigate the prevalence and pattern of hair dyeing and its relation with scalp diseases in Korea. Methods: Six hundred twenty subjects (330 men and 290 women) with graying hair were given a questionnaire survery and underwent a physical examination. Results: Of the 620 total, 272 subjects (43.9%) dyed their hair. Hair dyeing was significantly more frequent among women than among men (p<0.001). Subjects from 50 to 69 years of age showed higher prevalence of hair dyeing when compared to either younger or older groups. Subjective self-assessment of the extent of hair graying was associated with increased prevalence of hair dyeing, that is, individuals who feel graying has advanced by more than 20% of the overall hair were much more likely to dye their hair (p<0.001). Hair dyeing did not correlate with either alopecia or scalp disease. Conclusion: Our survey has found that the prevalence of hair dyeing is higher among Korean women than men. People in their fifties and sixties and people with more than 20% extent of grayness were more likely to dye their hair than otherwise. Hair dyeing was not associated with any increase in the prevalence of scalp diseases.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2013-01/102/2008000790/16SEQ:16PERF_CD:SNU2013-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:2008000790ADJUST_YN:YEMP_ID:A079501DEPT_CD:801CITE_RATE:.611FILENAME:hair dyeing pattern in koreans.pdfDEPT_NM:의학과CONFIRM:

Induction of transforming growth factor-beta 1 by androgen is mediated by reactive oxygen species in hair follicle dermal papilla cells

The progression of androgenetic alopecia is closely related toandrogen-inducible transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 secretionby hair follicle dermal papilla cells (DPCs) in bald scalp.Physiological levels of androgen exposure were reported toincrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In thisstudy, rat vibrissae dermal papilla cells (DP-6) transfected withandrogen receptor showed increased ROS production followingandrogen treatment. We confirmed that TGF-β1 secretion isincreased by androgen treatment in DP-6, whereas androgeninducibleTGF-β1 was significantly suppressed by the ROSscavenger,N-acetyl cysteine. Therefore, we suggest that inductionof TGF-β1 by androgen is mediated by ROS in hair follicleDPCs.This study was supported by a grant from the Korea Healthcare Technology R&D Project, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (Grant No. A103017) and partially by a research agreement with AmorePacific Corporation, Republic of Korea.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2013-01/102/0000045457/8SEQ:8PERF_CD:SNU2013-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000045457ADJUST_YN:NEMP_ID:A079130DEPT_CD:801CITE_RATE:1.634FILENAME:(460-464)bmb 12-228.pdfDEPT_NM:의학과EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:YCONFIRM:

Valuation of New Growth Businesses by Compound Option Model: Comparison of Solar Cell, Automotive Battery, and Bio-Pharmaceutical 사업들이 갖는 기술적, 산업적 파급효과와 더불어 궁극적 으로 사업의 경제적 가치평가의 중요성은 이루 말할 수 없음에도 불구하고, 연구개발 및 사업투자규모에 대한 계 획은 공시되고 있는 반면 그 전체적인 사업성에 대한 분 석은

Abstract While there is ample information on the investment plans about Korea&apos;s selected new growth businesses, it is hard to find any analysis on the valuation of the projects. In this paper, I intend to do a valuation for the three particular technologies, which are solar cell, automotive battery, and bio-pharmaceutical, based on compound option model so that the valuation can capture not only the expected net cash flow but also the value originated from the flexibility of the decision maker. In addition, the real option pricing theory is reviewed and its practical limitations are thoroughly investigated

The General Equilibrium Impacts of Reducing Agricultural Nutrient Emissions in Korea

This study analyzes the general equilibrium impacts of regulating agricultural phosphorus emissions in Korea. A static computable general equilibrium model is constructed for the analysis. The study introduces a hypothetical phosphorus emission trading scheme that aims to reduce 10 percent of the total emission from the livestock sector in 2015. Scenario 1 of the analysis assumes that both livestock and fertilizer industries are subject to the regulation, while Scenario 2 assumes that only the livestock industry is subject to the regulation. The government’s emission permit revenue is recycled so that farm households maintain their pre-regulation welfare level. The welfare cost of non-farm households is about 0.4 percent of their total expenditure under both scenarios. The result shows that the marginal abatement cost of Scenario 2 is about 50 percent higher than that of Scenario 1. Although those two policy scenarios result in very similar simulated overall welfare impacts, they have substantial differences in industry-specific effects on domestic production, consumer price, and import/export

Demand for Pork Meats: A Multiple-Discrete-Continuous Extreme Value Model Analysis

This study estimates household demand for fresh pork cuts using a Korean scanner data set and a multiple-discrete-continuous extreme value econometric model. The choices for purchasing cuts and purchasing amounts are derived from an MDCEV utility function consistently. We estimate the own and cross price elasticities of demand, income elasticities, and the impacts of household characteristics on demands using a simulation approach. The study finds that the estimates for own price elasticities are larger than those found by a comparable reduced-form study, while those for cross price and income elasticities obtained from the two different approaches are quite similar. It is shown that the belly, the ribs, the shoulder, and the special cuts are normal while the others are inferior. The impacts of household size, age, family composition, housing type, and purchasing season on the choice of pork cuts are also estimated

Identifying the Sources of Declining in Chemical Fertilizer Consumption and Forecasting its Demands in Korea

The purpose of this study is identifying the sources of declining in chemical fertilizer consumption in Korea. Furthermore, this study aims at providing forecasts of fertilizer demands incorporating the impacts of those sources. The study estimates a demand function of fertilizer, and investigates the impacts of reducing fertilizer subsidy on fertilizer demand. The impacts of the policy change on farming cost are estimated by an input-output analysis. The results are combined with those of a time-series estimation of per acre fertilizer consumption and total acreage in order to derive a complete forecast of fertilizer demand in 2013. The paper shows that fertilizer consumption will decline substantially in 10 years, and fertilizers will be over-supplied unless an effective structural adjustment is performed by the industry

Estimating the Neighborhood Effects in Farm Income

This paper investigates the existence of neighborhood effects in farm income in rural Korea. A farm-level income survey data set combined with the data on regional characteristics is used to identify and estimate the neighborhood effects. It is shown that the neighborhood effects exist for farm agricultural income, off-farm income, and overall farm income. That is, the effects are identified for every major component of farm income. It is estimated that the multipliers including the feedback effects of income change are 1.081, 1.119 and 1.145 for agricultural income, off-farm income, and overall farm income, respectively. Hence, the neighborhood effects are the largest for off-farm income. Moreover, we identify and estimate the contributions of various individual farm characteristics, regional characteristics and neighborhood characteristics incorporating the feedback effects existing among farms

An Inverse Hedonic Price Analysis of Recreational Equine Market in Korea

An inverse hedonic function, suggested by Nerlove (1995), is estimated with a Korean riding club data set. Implicit prices for riding club's characteristics are derived from the estimated inverse hedonic function. A usual hedonic function for which quantity is assumed to be determined exogenously is also estimated, but is rejected by the inverse hedonic function by a nonnested hypothesis testing. Price elasticity of horse-back riding is estimated to be -0.67. It is shown that the WTP for riding is affected by riding club's location, accommodation, number of horses, trail length, number of instructors, parking lots and opening year