On Topology Control of Wireless Peer-to-Peer File Sharing Networks: Energy Efficiency, Fairness and Incentive

Given the recent rapidly developing high speed wireless communication technologies and high traffic demand for P2P file sharing applications, wireless P2P file sharing is widely reckoned as a key component of the next generation communication network. However, running P2P applications in a wireless medium entails different constraints compared with those in the traditional wired Internet. One of the challenges is that portable wireless devices are energy-limited since they are battery-operated and the battery has inevitably limited life. Fairness and incentive are also important issues. Unfortunately, designing a protocol taking all these factors into account is still a relatively unexplored problem. We propose a topology control protocol called TCP2P for wireless P2P file sharing networks. TCP2P increases the fairness and provides incentive in wireless P2P file sharing applications and is energy-conserving.published_or_final_versio

Community-based asynchronous wakeup protocol for wireless peer-to-peer file sharing networks

Ubiquitous Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networking is widely expected to be manifested in a wireless environment in the near future. However, to realize such an interesting mobile computing platform, energy efficiency is one of the most critical resources management issues yet to be tackled. Unfortunately, energy efficient wireless P2P networking is still a relatively less explored topic as it is quite challenging to tackle the energy management problem without centralized control. In this paper, we meet this research challenge by proposing a new distributed protocol, called Community-Based Asynchronous Wakeup Protocol, CAWP, for energy conservation in wireless P2P file sharing networks. Simulation results show that our proposed CAWP is found to be highly effective in that it can remarkably increase the energy efficiency of the participants in a wireless P2P system. © 2005 IEEE.published_or_final_versio

On localized application-driven topology control for energy-efficient wireless peer-to-peer file sharing

Wireless Peer-to-Peer (P2P) file sharing Is widely envisioned as one of the major applications of ad hoc networks in the near future. This trend is largely motivated by the recent advances in high-speed wireless communication technologies and high traffic demand for P2P file sharing applications. To achieve the ambitious goal of realizing a practical wireless P2P network, we need a scalable topology control protocol to solve the neighbor discovery problem and network organization problem. Indeed, we believe that the topology control mechanism should be application driven in that we should try to achieve an efficient connectivity among mobile devices in order to better serve the file sharing application. We propose a new protocol, which consists of two components, namely, Adjacency Set Construction (ASC) and Community-Based Asynchronous Wakeup (CAW). Our proposed protocol is shown to be able to enhance the fairness and provide an incentive mechanism in wireless P2P file sharing applications. It is also capable of increasing the energy efficiency. © 2008 IEEE.published_or_final_versio

A rigorous analytical model for shrinkage cracking of reinforced concrete

published_or_final_versio

The efficacy of intravitreal vancomycin and dexamethasone in the treatment of experimental Bacillus cereus endophthalmitis

Purpose: Bacillus cereus causes the most virulent and refractory form of endophthalmitis. The authors analyzed effectiveness of intravitreal vancomycin with or without dexamethasone for experimental Bacillus cereus endophthalmitis. Methods: Rabbit eyes were injected intravitreally with 1 × 106 colony-forming units of Bacillus cereus organisms. At 24 hours after injection, eyes were injected intravitreally with 0.1 ml of balanced salt solution (group 1, n = 10), 1 mg vancomycin (group 2, n = 10), and antibiotic plus 0.4 mg dexamethasone (group 3, n = 10). Inflammatory scores were assessed 7 days and 14 days after treatment. Furthermore, histologic grading was carried out at the conclusion of the clinical observations. Results: Eyes treated with vancomycin, with or without dexamethasone at 7 days and 14 days expressed significant less inflammation over iris and vitreous than the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, eyes treated with vancomycin with dexamethasone showed less inflammation over the conjunctiva and vitreous at 7 days and over the iris and vitreous at 14 days, compared to antibiotic treatment alone (p < 0.05). Additionally, at 14 days, the histopathological changes of eyes treated with vancomycin with dexamethasone had less conjunctival inflammation, mild iridocyclitis, less vitreous cells, and less choroidal vasculitis and retinitis compared to control group and antibiotic treatment alone, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Intravitreal injection of vancomycin improved the therapeutic outcome of Bacillus cereus endophthalmitis. The addition of dexamethasone to antibiotic treatment provided a therapeutic benefit over antibiotic alone. Copyright © Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

A simple clinical test for perception of progressive addition lens peripheral image blue: a pilot study

Purpose: To introduce a simple method for subjective perception of progressive addition lens (PAL) peripheral image blur (PIB). The amounts of PIB induced by traditional PAL trial lenses (plano distant PAL, TPAL) and prescription PAL (FPAL) were also evaluated. Methods: Subjects wearing the PALs adjusted their heads laterally to view the fi xation target for PIB perception. 38 subjects were randomized and recruited from the Eye’ni optical shop. Outcomes were assessed by the high-contrast visual acuity chart (LogMAR scale), and by subjectively indicating the magnitude of PIB on a scale of 0 to 10 (10 is extremely blur) using astigmatism-sensitive optotype (Polatest® , Carl Zeiss Vision, Germany). Results: Visual acuities (mean ± SD) at the central and temporal fixations were measured at 0 ± 0.03 and 0.2 ± 0.04 with FPAL, and 0 ± 0.03 and 0.1 ± 0.03 with TPAL respectively. Signifi cantly lower visual acuities were found with the temporal fi xation than with the central fi xation in both PALs (p < 0.001). And signifi cant even reduction at the temporal fi xation with FPAL than with TPAL was observed (p < 0.001). For subjective measures of PIB using astigmatism-sensitive optotype, the average score of FPAL (7.4 ± 0.8, ranged 5-9) was found statistically higher than that of TPAL (6.7 ± 0.8, ranged 4-8) (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Our proposed simple clinical method appears to facilitate PAL peripheral image blur demonstration, which may help potential PAL wearers to effectively experience the peripheral PAL image blur. Opticians may caution the potential PAL wearers that prescription PAL may induce more peripheral image blur than that with the traditional distant plano PAL trial lenses. © 2010 Spanish General Council of Optometry. Published by Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved.link_to_OA_fulltex

Vision-threatening complications of nasal T/NK lymphoma

PURPOSE: Nasal T/NK lineage lymphoma, previously known as lethal midline granuloma, is common among Oriental, Native-American, and Hispanic patients and is invariably associated with Epstein-Barr virus. Nasal localization, local necrosis, angioinvasion, and aggressive behavior are hallmarks of the disease. Ophthalmologic symptoms and signs may precede lymphoma diagnosis or complicate its disease course. We aim to define the incidence and disease pattern of ophthalmic involvement. DESIGN: Retrospective single-institution consecutive interventional case series. METHODS: Records of all lymphoma patients from 1996 to 2000 were retrieved from a computer database, and the primary sites and lineage were reviewed. Nasal T/NK lymphoma was defined by a combination of morphology, positive CD3ε and CD56 expression, in situ hybridization staining for Epstein-Barr virus expressed RNA (EBER), and negative staining for B cell markers (CD20 and CD79a). RESULTS: Thirty-five consecutive patients with T/NK lymphoma were identified. Primary nasal or nasopharyngeal disease was found in 24 patients. Six (25%) of the 24 patients suffered from vision-threatening complications of two distinct categories, namely uveitis/vitritis and orbital infiltration. The former preceded the diagnosis of lymphoma in two patients and also led to novel ocular complications like rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and macular hole that were successfully managed by ocular surgery. In four patients, orbital extension of lymphomatous disease accompanied biopsy-proven in-field disease relapse. Generally, the prognosis is grave, but remission can still be achieved with aggressive combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: Both oncologists and ophthalmologists should be aware of ocular complications when dealing with known or suspected cases of T/NK lymphoma at diagnosis and relapse. Regular ophthalmic assessment of these patients is warranted. © 2002 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Dispute Resolution Trends in the International Construction Industry

Department of Building and Real Estat

Unusual sites of involvement in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Case 1. Isolated orbit relapse after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for malignant lymphoma

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Aldose reductase deficiency prevents diabetes-induced blood-retinal barrier breakdown, apoptosis, and glial reactivation in the retina of db/db mice

In 15-month-old db/db mice, signs of diabetic retinopathy, including blood-retinal barrier breakdown, loss of pericytes, neuro-retinal apoptosis, glial reactivation, and proliferation of blood vessels, were evident. These changes in the diabetic retina were associated with increased expression of aldose reductase (AR). To further understand the role of AR in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, we generated db/db mice with an AR null mutation (AR -/- db/db). AR deficiency led to fewer retinal blood vessels with IgG leakage, suggesting that AR may contribute to blood-retinal barrier breakdown. AR deficiency also prevented diabetes-induced reduction of platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 expression and increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, which may have contributed to blood-retinal barrier breakdown. In addition, long-term diabetes-induced neuro-retinal stress and apoptosis and proliferation of blood vessels were less prominent in AR -/- db/db mice. These findings indicate that AR is responsible for the early events in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, leading to a cascade of retinal lesions, including blood-retinal barrier breakdown, loss of pericytes, neuro-retinal apoptosis, glial reactivation, and neovascularization. © 2005 by the American Diabetes Association.link_to_OA_fulltex