Antioxidant and Antifungal Activities of Cocoa Butter (Theobroma cacao), Essential Oil of Syzygium aromaticum and a Combination of Both Extracts against Three Dermatophytes

To contribute in the research of better drugs against dermatophytosis, we evaluated the antioxidant and antidermatophytic activities of cocoa butter, cloves essential oil, and a mixture of both extracts. The cocoa butter was obtained by boiling the cocoa paste. The essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation was chemically analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH scavenging method, and  the antidermatophytic activity was evaluated using the agar dilution method. The essential oil, majoritary constituated by eugenol (87.62%), β-caryophyllene (5.88%), and β-bisabolene (4.41%), had an antiradical power (4.22 x 10-2) higher than that of BHT (4.00 x 10-3), like the cocoa butter and essential oil mixture (6.06 x 10-3). The essential oil was more active than the griseofulvin: it was fungicidal at 400 ppm against Trichophyton rubrum, and at 900 ppm against Microsporum gypseumand Trichophyton tonsurans. The cocoa butter activity was low, but the mixture with the essential oil had an important activity with inhibitory percentages of 78.69 %, 88.27 %, 91.20% against T. rubrum (at 400 ppm), T. tonsurans(at 900 ppm)and M. gypseum (at 900 ppm)respectively. Cloves essential oil and the mixture with cocoa butter can be used to formulate new drugs against dermatophytes.

Essential oils from Camerounian Aframomum species : chemical composition ans antibacterial activities

La tendance au retour vers le naturel encourage les scientifiques à rechercher de nouvelles sources d'actifs biologiques, notamment de nouveaux conservateurs et antimicrobiens biodégradables, pour les substituer aux additifs synthétiques. Ce travail est le résultat de la combinaison de l'étude chimique et biologique des huiles essentielles issues de 15 espèces aromatiques camerounaises du genre Aframomum (Zingiberaceae), utilisées couramment comme épices mais également en médecine traditionnelle.Les extraits volatils obtenus par hydrodistillation des feuilles, graines, péricarpes et racines d'échantillons représentatifs de ces 15 espèces d'Aframomum récoltés au Cameroun dans diverses zones géographiques et à différentes périodes de récolte ont été analysés par chromatographie en phase gazeuse (GC/FID), chromatographie couplée à la spectrométrie de masse (GC/MS) ou chromatographie chirale pour préciser la distribution énantiomérique de certains composés caractéristiques (113 échantillons d'huiles essentielles analysés au total).Le potentiel antibactérien de 41 extraits volatils et de leurs composés majeurs, isolés à partir de ces huiles essentielles et caractérisés, a été testé sur deux bactéries : Escherichia coli (Gram-) et Micrococcus luteus (Gram +) par une technique de dilution en milieu liquide; les résultats montrent une plus grande efficacité des dérivés oxygénés tels que le linalol, le géraniol, le myrténol ou le (E)-nérolidol avec l'observation, dans certains cas, d'une potentialisation de ces effets, dans les huiles essentielles, probablement par effet de synergie avec d'autres composés présents dans le mélange.Globalement, les essences des graines sont les plus efficaces, notamment celles de: A. citratum, A. dalzielii, A. pruinosum, A. letestuianum et A. polyanthum, ce qui justifie l'intérêt de leur utilisation traditionnelle dans l'alimentation ou dans la confection des préparations médicinales et ouvre des perspectives d'applications comme conservateurs naturels en agroalimentaire et dans les industries cosmétiques ou pharmaceutiques.The antimicrobial properties of plant volatile oils have been assessed and there appears to be a revival in the use of traditional approaches to protecting livestock and food in industrial countries. This work is the result of combined chemical and biological studies of essential oils obtained from 15 Cameroonian aromatic species of the genus Aframomum (Zingiberaceae), commonly used as spices or as ingredients in traditional medicine.The volatile extracts were obtained by hydrodistillation of leaves, seeds, pericarps and rhizomes of representative samples of these 15 Aframomum species collected in different geographical zones of Cameroon; their chemical analysis was performed by gas chromatography (GC/FID), by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and chiral chromatography to assess the enantiomeric distribution of some characteristic components (113 samples of essential oils were analyzed in the total).The antimicrobial activities of 41 volatile extracts and of their main components, after isolation and characterization, were tested against two bacteria: Escherichia coli (Gram-) and Micrococcus luteus (Gram +) by a broth dilution technique; the results show a higher efficiency of oxygenated compounds such as linalol, geraniol, myrtenol or (E)-nerolidol, with possible synergistic interactions between components in essential oils.Globally, the seed essential oils are the most efficient, in particular those extracted from: A. citratum, A. dalzielii, A. letestuianum, A. pruinosum and A. polyanthum, justifying their traditional use in food as well as in medicinal preparations or their potential application as natural preservatives in the cosmetic, food or pharmaceutical industries

Huiles essentielles d'espèces d'Aframomum camerounaises (composition chimique et activités antibactériennes)

La tendance au retour vers le naturel encourage les scientifiques à rechercher de nouvelles sources d'actifs biologiques, notamment de nouveaux conservateurs et antimicrobiens biodégradables, pour les substituer aux additifs synthétiques. Ce travail est le résultat de la combinaison de l'étude chimique et biologique des huiles essentielles issues de 15 espèces aromatiques camerounaises du genre Aframomum (Zingiberaceae), utilisées couramment comme épices mais également en médecine traditionnelle.Les extraits volatils obtenus par hydrodistillation des feuilles, graines, péricarpes et racines d'échantillons représentatifs de ces 15 espèces d'Aframomum récoltés au Cameroun dans diverses zones géographiques et à différentes périodes de récolte ont été analysés par chromatographie en phase gazeuse (GC/FID), chromatographie couplée à la spectrométrie de masse (GC/MS) ou chromatographie chirale pour préciser la distribution énantiomérique de certains composés caractéristiques (113 échantillons d'huiles essentielles analysés au total).Le potentiel antibactérien de 41 extraits volatils et de leurs composés majeurs, isolés à partir de ces huiles essentielles et caractérisés, a été testé sur deux bactéries : Escherichia coli (Gram-) et Micrococcus luteus (Gram +) par une technique de dilution en milieu liquide; les résultats montrent une plus grande efficacité des dérivés oxygénés tels que le linalol, le géraniol, le myrténol ou le (E)-nérolidol avec l'observation, dans certains cas, d'une potentialisation de ces effets, dans les huiles essentielles, probablement par effet de synergie avec d'autres composés présents dans le mélange.Globalement, les essences des graines sont les plus efficaces, notamment celles de: A. citratum, A. dalzielii, A. pruinosum, A. letestuianum et A. polyanthum, ce qui justifie l'intérêt de leur utilisation traditionnelle dans l'alimentation ou dans la confection des préparations médicinales et ouvre des perspectives d'applications comme conservateurs naturels en agroalimentaire et dans les industries cosmétiques ou pharmaceutiques.The antimicrobial properties of plant volatile oils have been assessed and there appears to be a revival in the use of traditional approaches to protecting livestock and food in industrial countries. This work is the result of combined chemical and biological studies of essential oils obtained from 15 Cameroonian aromatic species of the genus Aframomum (Zingiberaceae), commonly used as spices or as ingredients in traditional medicine.The volatile extracts were obtained by hydrodistillation of leaves, seeds, pericarps and rhizomes of representative samples of these 15 Aframomum species collected in different geographical zones of Cameroon; their chemical analysis was performed by gas chromatography (GC/FID), by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and chiral chromatography to assess the enantiomeric distribution of some characteristic components (113 samples of essential oils were analyzed in the total).The antimicrobial activities of 41 volatile extracts and of their main components, after isolation and characterization, were tested against two bacteria: Escherichia coli (Gram-) and Micrococcus luteus (Gram +) by a broth dilution technique; the results show a higher efficiency of oxygenated compounds such as linalol, geraniol, myrtenol or (E)-nerolidol, with possible synergistic interactions between components in essential oils.Globally, the seed essential oils are the most efficient, in particular those extracted from: A. citratum, A. dalzielii, A. letestuianum, A. pruinosum and A. polyanthum, justifying their traditional use in food as well as in medicinal preparations or their potential application as natural preservatives in the cosmetic, food or pharmaceutical industries.MONTPELLIER-BU Sciences (341722106) / SudocSudocFranceF

The Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activities of the Essential Oils from Three Aframomum Species from Cameroon, and Their Potential as Sources of (E)-(R)-Nerolidol

International audienceEssential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of seeds, pericarps, leaves and rhizomes of Aframomum dalzielii, A. letestuianum and A. pruinosum grown in Cameroon were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The seed oils of the three species were characterized by a high content of (E)-(R)-nerolidol (>88.0 %), which was fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy and chiral GC analysis. The main constituents of the pericarp and rhizome oils were monoterpene hydrocarbons, mainly beta-pinene (0.8%-22.9%) and sabinene (29.0%-42.3%), along with 1,8-cineole (4.5%-23.7%); leaf oils were characterized by sesquiterpenes, namely (E)-beta-caryophyllene (18.4%-82.4%) and caryophyllene oxide (4.5%-23.7%). The antibacterial activities of these essential oils and of nine pure compounds (sabirtene, beta-pinene, 1,8-cineole, linalool, racemic (E)-nerolidol, (E)-(R)-nerolidol, (E)-beta-caryophyllene, a-humulene and caryophyllene oxide) were assessed against Micrococcus luteus and Escherichia coli. The strongest activities were observed against E. coli. The seed essential oils and their major component, (E)-(R)-nerolidol, exhibited the lowest MIC values (0.19-0.39 mu L/mL), justifying their traditional use and their potential application as natural food preservatives

The Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activities of the Essential Oils from Three Aframomum Species from Cameroon, and Their Potential as Sources of (E)-(R)-Nerolidol

Essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of seeds, pericarps, leaves and rhizomes of Aframomum dalzielii, A. letestuianum and A. pruinosum grown in Cameroon were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The seed oils of the three species were characterized by a high content of (E)-(R)-nerolidol (>88.0 %), which was fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy and chiral GC analysis. The main constituents of the pericarp and rhizome oils were monoterpene hydrocarbons, mainly beta-pinene (0.8%-22.9%) and sabinene (29.0%-42.3%), along with 1,8-cineole (4.5%-23.7%); leaf oils were characterized by sesquiterpenes, namely (E)-beta-caryophyllene (18.4%-82.4%) and caryophyllene oxide (4.5%-23.7%). The antibacterial activities of these essential oils and of nine pure compounds (sabirtene, beta-pinene, 1,8-cineole, linalool, racemic (E)-nerolidol, (E)-(R)-nerolidol, (E)-beta-caryophyllene, a-humulene and caryophyllene oxide) were assessed against Micrococcus luteus and Escherichia coli. The strongest activities were observed against E. coli. The seed essential oils and their major component, (E)-(R)-nerolidol, exhibited the lowest MIC values (0.19-0.39 mu L/mL), justifying their traditional use and their potential application as natural food preservatives